The Credit Economy and the Economic Rationality of Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. S. Zollman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Rationality Of Science

Roman Retail Landscapes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Urban Topography ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

This chapter examines the socio-economic motivations behind the shaping of retail landscapes in Roman cities. It is about who opened retail outlets, as well as why and where. After critiquing some of the normal methods for illustrating the locations of shops and bars, including the conventional distribution plan itself, as well as questioning the economic rationality of operating tabernae, this chapter argues for the value in complicating our otherwise basic understanding of why urban investments were made in the places we find them. Rather than accepting profit as the single motivation to urban investment, a range of social, economic, and political motivations are considered as an explanation for the ultimate shape of Roman retail landscapes. Thus beyond discussions of space and urban topography, the subject of this chapter is investment.

THE EARLY MODERN ORIGINS OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-54
Author(s):  
Richard Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Behavioral Psychology ◽  
Human Conduct ◽  
The Social

AbstractFor all the recent discoveries of behavioral psychology and experimental economics, the spirit of homo economicus still dominates the contemporary disciplines of economics, political science, and sociology. Turning back to the earliest chapters of political economy, however, reveals that pioneering figures such as Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, and Adam Smith were hardly apostles of economic rationality as they are often portrayed in influential narratives of the development of the social sciences. As we will see, while all three of these thinkers can plausibly be read as endorsing “rationality,” they were also well aware of the systematic irrationality of human conduct, including a remarkable number of the cognitive biases later “discovered” by contemporary behavioral economists. Building on these insights I offer modest suggestions for how these thinkers, properly understood, might carry the behavioral revolution in different directions than those heretofore suggested.

Nächstenliebe als berechenbare Dienstleistung

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Eurich
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Basic Change ◽  
A Value ◽  
Welfare Institutions

Abstract The introduction of market principles creates a basic change in managing instruments of social services. The economic rationality is often not mediated with rationalities of professional standards or theological programs. Due to economical pressure, it becomes more and more difficult to maintain a value oriented service. On top of this, the function of ecclesiastical welfare institutions as an advocate for socially week people is in danger to get lost. Looking for answers, the article concentrates on presently discussed concepts of restructuring institutions of church welfare. These concepts are contrasted by actual developments within the domain of church welfare.

“What Else Should I Do?” Cultural Influences on the Drug Trade of Migrants in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Bucerius
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Drug Dealing ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Distinct Concept ◽  
Purity And Impurity ◽  
Over Time

The article is based on ethnographic research in Frankfurt am Main/Germany with young male migrants who are involved in drug dealing. The aim is to give an account of the mechanisms, values, and self-constructions that influence the dealers, e.g., in their choice of substances dealt, their display of violence, how they neutralize contradicting values, etc. Moreover, changes in the studied milieu that have occurred over time will be examined. Most interesting seems the fact that the subjects' cultural background has a greater impact on their business than economic rationality, the “seductions of crime” or the “search of respect.” Their distinct concept of purity and impurity, honor and dishonor, and their morality regarding the choice of substances seem particularly interesting and influence their behavior in the market.

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