scholarly journals New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Rousseau ◽  
Andrew Scott Gale ◽  
Ben Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Latitudinal Position ◽  
Small Disc

The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Slottsmøya Member of the Agardhfjellet Formation in central Spitsbergen has yielded two new species of asteroids and two species of ophiuroids, one of which is described as new. Polarasterias janusensis Rousseau & Gale gen. et sp. nov. is a forcipulatid neoasteroid with elongated arms, small disc and very broad ambulacral grooves with narrow adambulacrals. Savignaster septemtrionalis Rousseau & Gale sp. nov. is a pterasterid with well-developed interradial chevrons. The Spitsbergen specimens are the first described articulated material of Savignaster and reveal the overall arrangement of the ambulacral groove ossicles. Ophiogaleus sp. is an ophiacanthid with relatively long jaws and lateral arm plates, with a coarsely reticulate outer surface. Here again, we report the first articulated skeletons of this genus, providing unprecedented insights into the disc morphology. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov. is an ophiopyrgid with a well-developed arm comb and tentacle pores reduced to within-plate perforations starting at median arm segments. These new finds are important additions to the asterozoan fossil record with regard to their good degree of articulation and the high latitudinal position of the localities. They significantly add to the set of exhaustively known fossil asterozoan taxa which play a key role in the phylogenetic analysis and reconstruction of evolutionary history.

New cyriacotheriid pantodonts (Mammalia, Pantodonta) from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and the relationships of Cyriacotheriidae

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
History Of

Cyriacotheriidae are a family of unusual small-bodied pantodonts known from the Paleocene of the Western Interior of North America. Cyriacotheriids possess a suite of dental characters similar to that of pantodonts (e.g., molar dilambdodonty, lingual molar hypoconulids), as well as several divergent features (e.g., molarized premolars, strong molar conules) that have been interpreted as “dermopteran-like.” the unusual combination of pantodont and dermopteran-like characters, combined with a limited fossil record, has made attempts at understanding the broader relationships of Cyriacotheriidae difficult. This paper reports on a new genus and two new species of cyriacotheriids from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, with both species significantly older than those of the only previously described cyriacotheriid, Cyriacotherium. Collectively, the dentitions of these new taxa exhibit derived characters seen in Cyriacotherium (e.g., robust molar conules, strong molar dilambdodonty) in addition to a number of plesiomorphies seen in more basal pantodonts (e.g., conspicuous molar entoconids, deep premolar ectoflexus) and, importantly, posterior premolars that are weakly molariform and non-dilambdodont. A phylogenetic analysis of the new cyriacotheriid, basal pantodonts, dermopterans, and dermopteran-like eutherians resulted in Cyriacotheriidae nesting within a monophyletic Pantodonta. the results strengthen previous hypotheses regarding the pantodont affinities of the family, and suggest that the dermopteran-like features seen in the more derived Cyriacotherium were acquired convergently. Although the discovery of new cyriacotheriids sheds light on the evolutionary history of the family, it cannot resolve the ongoing questions of pantodont origins; nonetheless, their discovery in strata of early Paleocene age indicates that significant parts of the evolutionary history of Cyriacotheriidae, and North American pantodonts more generally, have yet to be discovered.

scholarly journals A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota

Fossil Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Walter G. Joyce ◽  
Yann Rollot ◽  
Richard L. Cifelli
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
A New Species

Abstract. Baenidae is a clade of paracryptodiran turtles known from the late Early Cretaceous to Eocene of North America. The proposed sister-group relationship of Baenidae to Pleurosternidae, a group of turtles known from sediments dated as early as the Late Jurassic, suggests a ghost lineage that crosses the early Early Cretaceous. We here document a new species of paracryptodiran turtle, Lakotemys australodakotensis gen. and sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian to Valanginian) Lakota Formation of South Dakota based on a poorly preserved skull and two partial shells. Lakotemys australodakotensis is most readily distinguished from all other named Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous paracryptodires by having a broad, baenid-like skull with expanded triturating surfaces and a finely textured shell with a large suprapygal I that laterally contacts peripheral X and XI and an irregularly shaped vertebral V that does not lap onto neural VIII and that forms two anterolateral processes that partially separate the vertebral IV from contacting pleural IV. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that Lakotemys australodakotensis is a baenid, thereby partially closing the previously noted gap in the fossil record.

First teleost otoliths from the Late Jurassic of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Werner W. Schwarzhans ◽  
Aleksandr A. Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
First Record ◽  
Related Genus ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Evolutionary Phase ◽  
Faunal Element

This is the first record of Late Jurassic (Volgian) otoliths from the boreal province of Russia. Two new species– Palealbula korchinskyi n. sp. and Palealbula moscoviensis n. sp. – are described representing otoliths of putative stem- albuliform affinities of unresolved familiar position. The phylogeny of Palealbula and the supposedly related genus Protalbula is discussed in the light of the new findings presented in this article. Both genera are shown to represent a common faunal element in the early evolutionary phase of teleosts during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.

A new genus and two new species of fossil Elaterids from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1785 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUALI CHANG ◽  
FAN ZHANG ◽  
DONG REN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Yixian Formation ◽  
Western Liaoning ◽  
Two New Species

A new genus and two new species of fossil Elateridae are described and illustrated: Paralithomerus gen. nov., P. exquisitus sp. nov, and P. parallelus sp. nov. Both species were collected from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China. Fossil elaterids expressing a sutured mesoventrite have been otherwise discovered only from the Upper Jurassic strata of Karatau.

New genus and species of Hexagenitidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Yixian Formation, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1629 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANDONG HUANG ◽  
DONG REN ◽  
NINA D. SINITSHENKOVA ◽  
CHUNGKUN SHIH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Yixian Formation ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Two New Species

A new genus and two new species of the extinct family Hexagenitidae, Epicharmeropsis hexavenulosus gen. et sp. nov. and Epicharmeropsis quadrivenulosus sp. nov., are described from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Hebei and Liaoning Provinces in China. Detailed description and illustration of the specimens along with a brief review of Hexagenitidae are given. By comparing with the imago specimens of so-called Ephemeropsis which were previously reported from China, we believe these Ephemeropsis-like specimens should be placed into Epicharmeropsis gen. nov. and Ephemeropsis Eichwald could be absent in China.

New ichneumonids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Tadushi Formation, Russian Far East

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4442 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. KOPYLOV ◽  
T. SPASOJEVIC ◽  
S. KLOPFSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Two New Species

Ichneumonidae constitute one of the largest families of organisms, but their fossil record is severely understudied, which precludes inferences about their early evolutionary history. We here describe a new genus and two new species of ichneumonids from the Early Eocene Tadushi Formation (Russian Far East). The new taxa are Crusopimpla tadushensis gen. et sp. nov. and Dolichomitus? saxeus sp. nov. Pimpla rediviva (Brues) is redescribed and placed in the genus Crusopimpla. This new genus is unique within Pimplinae in having a completely developed propodeal carination and probably represents one of its most basal lineages. Using a phylogenetic hypothesis of the subfamily, we discuss potential pathways of morphological evolution in the group, which will provide a basis for future placement of pimpline fossil taxa.

scholarly journals A possible brachiosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the mid-Cretaceous of northeastern China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11957
Author(s):  
Chun-Chi Liao ◽  
Andrew Moore ◽  
Changzhu Jin ◽  
Tzu-Ruei Yang ◽  
Masateru Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Northeastern China

Brachiosauridae is a lineage of titanosauriform sauropods that includes some of the most iconic non-avian dinosaurs. Undisputed brachiosaurid fossils are known from the Late Jurassic through the Early Cretaceous of North America, Africa, and Europe, but proposed occurrences outside this range have proven controversial. Despite occasional suggestions that brachiosaurids dispersed into Asia, to date no fossils have provided convincing evidence for a pan-Laurasian distribution for the clade, and the failure to discover brachiosaurid fossils in the well-sampled sauropod-bearing horizons of the Early Cretaceous of Asia has been taken to evidence their genuine absence from the continent. Here we report on an isolated sauropod maxilla from the middle Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) Longjing Formation of the Yanji basin of northeast China. Although the specimen preserves limited morphological information, it exhibits axially twisted dentition, a shared derived trait otherwise known only in brachiosaurids. Referral of the specimen to the Brachiosauridae receives support from phylogenetic analysis under both equal and implied weights parsimony, providing the most convincing evidence to date that brachiosaurids dispersed into Asia at some point in their evolutionary history. Inclusion in our phylogenetic analyses of an isolated sauropod dentary from the same site, for which an association with the maxilla is possible but uncertain, does not substantively alter these results. We consider several paleobiogeographic scenarios that could account for the occurrence of a middle Cretaceous Asian brachiosaurid, including dispersal from either North America or Europe during the Early Cretaceous. The identification of a brachiosaurid in the Longshan fauna, and the paleobiogeographic histories that could account for its presence there, are hypotheses that can be tested with continued study and excavation of fossils from the Longjing Formation.

Phylogenetic analysis of some basal early Cambrian trilobites, the biogeographic origins of the Eutrilobita, and the timing of the Cambrian radiation

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Vicariance Event ◽  
Cambrian Radiation ◽  
Early Radiation ◽  
Event Based

This paper presents a phylogenetic analysis of the “Fallotaspidoidea,” a determination of the biogeographic origins of the eutrilobites, and an evaluation of the timing of the Cambrian radiation based on biogeographic evidence. Phylogenetic analysis incorporated 29 exoskeletal characters and 16 ingroup taxa. In the single most parsimonious tree the genus Fallotaspidella Repina, 1961, is the sister taxon of the sutured members of the Redlichiina Richter, 1932. Phylogenetic analysis is also used to determine the evolutionary relationships of two new species of “fallotaspidoids” distributed in the White-Inyo Range of California that have been previously illustrated but not described. These species had been referred to Fallotaspis Hupé, 1953, and used to define the occurrence of the eponymous Fallotaspis Zone in southwestern Laurentia. However, these two new species need to be reassigned to Archaeaspis Repina in Khomentovskii and Repina, 1965. They are described as Archaeaspis nelsoni and A. macropleuron. Their phylogenetic status suggests that the Fallotaspis Zone in southwestern Laurentia is not exactly analogous to the Fallotaspis Zone in Morocco, where that division was originally defined. Thus, changes to the biostratigraphy of the Early Cambrian of southwestern Laurentia may be in order. Furthermore, specimens of a new species referable to Nevadia Walcott, 1910, are recognized in strata traditionally treated as within the Fallotaspis Zone, which is held to underlie the Nevadella Zone, suggesting further biostratigraphic complexity within the basal Lower Cambrian of southwestern Laurentia.Phylogenetic analyses of the Olenellina and Olenelloidea, along with the phylogenetic analysis presented here, are used to consider the biogeographic origins of the eutrilobites. The group appears to have originated in Siberia. Biogeographic patterns in trilobites, especially those relating to the split between the Olenellid and Redlichiid faunal provinces are important for determining the timing of the Cambrian radiation. Some authors have argued that there was a hidden radiation that significantly predated the Cambrian, whereas others have suggested that the radiation occurred right at the start of the Cambrian. The results from trilobite biogeography presented here support an early radiation. They are most compatible with the notion that there was a vicariance event relating to the origin of the redlichiinid trilobites, and thus the eponymous Redlichiid faunal province, from the “fallotaspidoids,” whose representatives were part of the Olenellid faunal province. This vicariance event, based on biogeographic patterns, is likely related to the breakup of Pannotia which occurred sometime between 600–550 Ma, suggesting that the initial episodes of trilobite cladogenesis occurred within that interval. As trilobites are relatively derived arthropods, this suggests that Númerous important episodes of metazoan cladogenesis precede both the earliest trilobitic part of the Early Cambrian, and indeed, even the Early Cambrian.

scholarly journals First record of the genus Fagineura Vikberg & Zinovjev (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) with descriptions of two new species from China

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Zejian Li ◽  
Meicai Wei
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

Fagineura Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000 is recorded from China for the first time. Two species of Fagineura are described as new, F.flactoserrulasp. n. and F.xanthosomasp. n. A key to the species of Fagineura worldwide is provided, now including four species. In addition, a simple phylogenetic analysis of Fagineura species is provided, based on sequences of the COI and NaK genes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document