scholarly journals Metaplastic Carcinomas of the Breast: Diagnostic Challenges and New Translational Insights

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 896-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Rungta ◽  
Celina G. Kleer
Keyword(s):  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia ◽  
Chronic Abscess ◽  
Invasive Carcinomas ◽  
Metastatic Sarcoma

Comprising less than 1% of invasive carcinomas of the breast, metaplastic carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors in which part or all of the carcinomatous epithelium is transformed into a nonglandular (metaplastic) growth process. Metaplastic carcinomas with a low-grade spindle cell component resembling fibromatosis, as in our present case, are worthy of particular note because they are infrequent, difficult to recognize, and have a high risk of local recurrence. The differential diagnosis of metaplastic carcinomas depends on the degree of atypia observed in the tumor and includes exuberant scars, fibromatosis, nodular fasciitis, myofibroblastomas, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, acute and chronic abscess with fat necrosis, malignant phyllodes tumor, and primary or metastatic sarcoma. Limited studies done on the molecular pathology of metaplastic carcinomas show that activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is common in these tumors and that approximately 70% of metaplastic carcinomas show EGFR gene amplification and overexpression. This may have treatment implications because they may lead to targeted treatment for patients with metaplastic carcinomas.

scholarly journals Paratesticular Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma with Lung Metastasis – A Rare Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. C164-168
Author(s):  
Anusha Ganapathi ◽  
Thanka J ◽  
Lawrence D'Cruze ◽  
Barathi G ◽  
Natarajan K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Spindle Cell Component ◽  
Rare Case Report

Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are very rare malignant tumors arising from the mesenchymal tissues of tunica, epididymis or spermatic cord. They present as painless hard masses in inguinoscrotal region, and large tumors can be mistaken for testicular tumors. They can spread to retroperitoneal lymph nodes or hematogenously metastasize to lung, bones and bone marrow. Here, we report a case of Embryonal RMS with spindle cell component presenting with painless scrotal mass and lung metastasis at initial diagnosis.

scholarly journals Large Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast: Case Report of a Young Female and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Melissa Kyriakos Saad ◽  
Imad El Hajj ◽  
Elias Saikaly
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
Phyllodes Tumors ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Right

Background: Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasm of the breast, representing 0.3 to 0.5% of all female breast neoplasms. The term ‘‘phyllodes tumor” by the World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes it into benign, borderline, and malignant tumors based on histopathological characteristics. Malignant phyllodes tumor is an uncommon but aggressive breast malignancy and accounts for approximately 25% of all phyllodes tumors.Case Presentation: A 23-year-old female patient Gravida 0 Para 0, previously healthy, with no family history of breast or ovarian cancer was referred to our institution for managing a right breast mass increasing in size over a period of 1 month associated with reddish-brown discoloration of the skin. Breast ultrasound showed an isodense oval mass measuring approximately 16x14x12cm in the right lower outer quadrant of her breast. Core biopsy and FNA done revealed a low grade phyllodes tumor. MRI of breasts showed a huge mass of the right breast occupying all quadrants, measuring 15x14.5 cm in its greatest axis with involvement of the pectoralis major muscle, with no evidence of suspicious axillary lymphadenopathy. Distant metastatic work-up with CT scan of chest abdomen and pelvis and a PET scan did not show distant metastasis. Hence, the patient underwent right total mastectomy with a final pathology compatible with malignant phyllodes tumor. She is on regular follow up and 18 months post-surgery is still disease free.Conclusion: Management of malignant phyllodes tumor remains debatable, especially when it comes to the effect of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. From a surgical perspective, whether phyllodes tumors should be considered as epithelial breast cancers or as soft tissue sarcoma is another debate. On the other hand, although challenging, accurate identification of phyllodes tumor initially may aid in decreased recurrence.

scholarly journals Bilateral diffuse pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia in a pregnant woman: case report

Mastology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Taranto Sousa Lima ◽  
Fernanda Mitre Cotta ◽  
Leandro Cruz Ramires da Silva ◽  
Patricia Bittencourt Marques Lauria ◽  
Gabriel Aguiar Santos
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Bilateral Mastectomy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia ◽  
Reported Data

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign proliferation of breast stroma, usually described as an incidental microscopic finding. Clinically, it can manifest as a palpable and well-circumscribed mass or, in rare cases, as a diffuse bilateral process, causing massive and rapid breast growth. The most widely accepted theory about PASH is the hormonal stimulation of breast myofibroblasts, mainly caused by progesterone. A definitive PASH diagnosis is based on typical findings, such as stromal hyperplasia and slit-like channels. The main clinical differential diagnosis is fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor and, histologically, low-grade angiosarcoma. This work aims at evaluating the maternal and fetal prognosis of a diffuse PASH case in a pregnant woman. This is the case report of a 27-year-old woman with no comorbidities, previously diagnosed with PASH in January 2018, without clinical repercussion or treatment at the time. In 2019, in the 16th week of her second pregnancy, she noticed a rapid and significant breast growth. In the first trimester, she had a weight gain of 12 kg, and her breasts had a four-fold volume increase, preventing her from performing routine activities, such as standing and walking. Over the days, still with progressive breast tissue growth, she showed a considerable reduction in peripheral breast vascularity, intense pain, hyperemia, skin necrosis, overall worsening, and hemodynamic repercussion. Since this is a case little reported in the literature and given the clinical and hemodynamic conditions of the patient, the treatment chosen was bilateral mastectomy, performed with her consent in October 2019. In the immediate postoperative period, she progressed to fetal death and hemodynamic stabilization in the intensive care unit. After a few days of hospitalization, stable, and with good progress, she was discharged for outpatient follow-up. Anatomopathological results corroborated the PASH diagnosis made in 2018. Data on the final pregnancy outcome and the consequences for mother and fetus will be reported. Data analysis was based on a review of the patient's medical records. We concluded that each case should be assessed individually, taking into account the clinical, surgical, and obstetric aspects to determine the best workup and therapeutic approach.

Thyroid-Like Follicular Carcinoma of the Kidney With Low-Grade Sarcomatoid Component: A Hitherto Undescribed Case

2020 ◽  
pp. 106689692094040
Author(s):  
Vidya Rao ◽  
Santosh Menon ◽  
Ganesh Bakshi ◽  
Gagan Prakash ◽  
Archi Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
Spindle Cell Component ◽  
Regional Node ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Course

Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney (TLFCK) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma, which closely resembles follicular neoplasms of the thyroid and has a distinctive indolent clinical behavior. Until now, a single case of TLFCK with extensive sarcomatoid differentiation has been documented with aggressive clinical course. We present an unusual case of sarcomatoid TLFCK with a low-grade spindle cell component in a 34-year-old male patient, with an indolent course following radical nephrectomy and regional node dissection.

scholarly journals Biphasic Thyroid-Like Low-Grade Nasopharyngeal Papillary Adenocarcinoma with a Prominent Spindle Cell Component: A Case Report

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Sang Hwa Lee ◽  
Hyunjin Kim ◽  
Min Ju Kim ◽  
Byungwha Kim ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Papillary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
Spindle Cell Component ◽  
Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
Thyroid Transcription Factor ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Mass ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

Thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TLLG-NPPA) is a distinctly rare malignancy of the nasopharynx. Morphologically and immunophenotypically, TLLG-NPPA resembles papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is characterized by a papillary architecture with PTC-like nuclear features and thyroid transcription factor-1 expression. Recently, some cases of TLLG-NPPA with a spindle cell component have been reported. In this study, we report a very interesting case of biphasic TLLG-NPPA that was predominantly composed of spindle cells, with comprehensive analyses of its clinical, pathological, and immunophenotypical features. A 50-year-old woman presented with a sensation of a foreign body in the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngoscopy and computed tomography demonstrated a pedunculated mass arising from the nasopharyngeal roof. Based on the clinical impression of a nasopharyngeal tumor, an excisional biopsy was performed. At low-power magnification, the nasopharyngeal mass consisted of papillary tumor tissue, the growth pattern and architecture of which resembled those of PTC. The papillae were complex and packed tightly with fibrovascular cores. At high-power magnification, each papillary structure was lined with a pseudostratified cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium. The tumor cell nuclei frequently showed a ground-glass appearance, intranuclear grooves, pseudoinclusions, and membrane thickening and irregularity, resembling the characteristic nuclear morphology of PTC. These histological features were compatible with TLLG-NPPA. Intriguingly, in between the papillary components were spindle cells that appeared very similar to the glandular epithelial cells that imperceptibly merged with the papillary component. This spindle cell component comprised two-thirds of the entire tumor volume. The nuclear morphology of the spindle cell component was similar to that of the papillary component. On immunostaining, both the papillary and spindle cell components were diffusely and strongly positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, vimentin, and Hector Battifora mesothelial-1. In contrast, the tumor cells tested negative for p63, p40, smooth muscle actin, S-100, cytokeratin 5/6, thyroglobulin, BRAF V600E, and Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNAs. Only two cases of biphasic TLLG-NPPA exhibiting a prominent spindle cell component had been reported previously in the English literature. When the pathologist receives a primary nasopharyngeal mass with the aforementioned histological features, particularly biopsy specimens with predominant spindle cells, biphasic TLLG-NPPA should be considered in the differential diagnosis. By describing its detailed clinicopathological characteristics, we anticipate that this report will expand the existing knowledge on the spindle cell component associated with TLLG-NPPA.

Dermal fibrosarcoma in a Cashmere goat

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Julia Schoiswohl ◽  
Bianca Lambacher ◽  
Andrea Klang ◽  
Reinhild Krametter-Frötscher
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Production Processes

AbstractFibrosarcomas are malignant tumors of the connective tissue, which are characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts. Most of these tumors are localized subcutaneously and cause different symptoms depending on their location. The case report describes a dermal tumor on the outside of the pinna in a 7-year-old female Cashmere goat. The tumor was surgically removed and histopathological examination revealed a low grade fibrosarcoma. Although tumors are rare in ruminants because of the animals’ short lifespan (age of slaughtering in most cases < 24 months) in modern production processes, they should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

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