scholarly journals Opioid Use in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Matson ◽  
Peter N. Johnson ◽  
Van Tran ◽  
Evan R. Horton ◽  
Jennifer Sterner-Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Electronic Prescription

Limited guidance on opioid use exists in the pediatric population, causing medication safety concerns for pain management in children and adolescents. Opioid misuse and use disorder continue to greatly affect adolescents and young adults in the United States, furthering the apprehension of their use. Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) recommends pharmacists contribute their knowledge to pain management in children, including the discussion of appropriate use of non-opioid alternatives for pain and when to recommend coprescribing of naloxone. PPAG also supports the review of electronic prescription drug–monitoring programs prior to opioid prescribing and dispensing by both prescribers and pharmacists. Education by pharmacists of children and their families regarding proper administration, storage, and disposal, as well as the awareness of opioid misuse and use disorder among adolescents and young adults, is key to prevention. If opioid use disorder is diagnosed, PPAG encourages improved access among adolescents to evidence-based medications including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Furthermore, pharmacists should assist in screening and referral to evidence-based treatment.

scholarly journals Trends in Receipt of Buprenorphine and Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 2000-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. S12-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Evan Hadland ◽  
J. Frank Wharam ◽  
Mark A. Schuster ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey H. Samet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Opioid Use

Risk factors for opioid misuse in adolescents and young adults with focus on oncology setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Peck, MA ◽  
Jennifer Harman Ehrentraut, PhD ◽  
Doralina L. Anghelescu, MD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Medication Misuse ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Prescription opioid use has increased in recent decades. Although opioids provide effective pain control, their use may be associated with the risk of misuse. Opioid misuse (OM) is prevalent among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Opioids are necessary to treat cancer-related pain; however, oncology patients are not immune to medication misuse. Research examining OM among AYAs with cancer is scarce. This article examines the risk factors described in the general adult and adolescent medication abuse literature and aims to provide recommendations for practice in the AYA oncology population. The following risk factors should be examined in AYA oncology patients to determine their relevance: age, sex, behavioral and academic problems, psychological conditions, and a history of illicit drug use/abuse. To maintain the delicate balance of providing adequate pain relief while protecting patients from the risk of OM, clinicians must consider potential risk factors, motivating factors, and individual behaviors. Placing these challenges in perspective, this review provides clinical considerations, recommendations, and intervention strategies for OM prevention in AYA oncology patients.

scholarly journals Adherence to and Retention in Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Viera ◽  
Daniel J Bromberg ◽  
Shannon Whittaker ◽  
Bryan M Refsland ◽  
Milena Stanojlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Abstract The volatile opioid epidemic is associated with higher levels of opioid use disorder (OUD) and negative health outcomes in adolescents and young adults. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) demonstrate the best evidence for treating OUD. Adherence to and retention in MOUD, defined as continuous engagement in treatment, among adolescents and young adults, however, is incompletely understood. We examined the state of the literature regarding the association of age with adherence to and retention in MOUD using methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone among persons aged 10–24 years, along with related facilitators and barriers. All studies of MOUD were searched for that examined adherence, retention, or related concepts as an outcome variable and included adolescents or young adults. Search criteria generated 10,229 records; after removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 587 studies were identified for full-text review. Ultimately, 52 articles met inclusion criteria for abstraction and 17 were selected for qualitative coding and analysis. Younger age was consistently associated with shorter retention, although the overall quality of included studies was low. Several factors at the individual, interpersonal, and institutional levels, such as concurrent substance use, MOUD adherence, family conflict, and MOUD dosage and flexibility, appeared to have roles in MOUD retention among adolescents and young adults. Ways MOUD providers can tailor treatment to increase retention of adolescents and young adults are highlighted, as is the need for more research explaining MOUD adherence and retention disparities in this age group.

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