Genetic progress in seed yield of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)

O pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é uma euforbiácea utilizada na produção de biodiesel. A espécie possui base genética estreita o que dificulta o processo de lançamento de cultivares. Caracterizar precocemente os genótipos constitui etapa importante no melhoramento da cultura. Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar uma seleção precoce em caracteres morfoagronômicos, predizer o progresso genético de tais caracteres e indicar genitores potenciais para obtenção de progênies. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com 26 tratamentos e três repetições. As variáveis morfoagronômicas foram analisadas via modelos mistos e o progresso genético obtido pela seleção direta, indireta e índices de seleção. A dissimilaridade genética foi determinada pela distância de Mahalanobis, com agrupamento hierárquico UPGMA e coeficiente de correlação cofenética adquirido de 1.000 permutações. As estimativas demonstraram variabilidade genética, com identificação de genótipos juvenis promissores. Os genótipos JCCE034, JCCE014 e JCCE103 apresentam melhores progressos genéticos e os genótipos JCCE036 e JCCE86 apresentam maiores divergências genéticas, formando clusters individuais. Os genótipos de pinhão-manso são promissores na seleção precoce e possuem satisfatórios ganhos com a seleção para os caracteres avaliados. Os genótipos apresentam boa capacidade para compor grupos de genitores em cruzamentos direcionados, constituindo populações-base no melhoramento de J. curcas. Palavras-chave: Jatropha curcas; diversidade genética; ganhos com a seleção; índices de seleção. Genetic progress and early selection of juvenile physic nut genotypes ABSTRACT: Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a euphorbia used in the production of biodiesel. The species has a narrow genetic base which the process of launching cultivars is difficult. Early characterization of the genotypes is an important step in crop breending. The aims of this study were to perform an early selection in morpho-agronomic traits, to predict the genetic progress of such traits and to indicate potential parents for progeny development. The experimental design used for the randomized blocks with 26 treatments and three replications. The morpho-agronomic traits were analyzed via mix models and the genetic progress added by direct, indirect selection and selection indexes. The genetic dissimilarity was provided by the Mahalanobis distance, with UPGMA hierarchical grouping and co-phenetic correlation coefficient acquired from 1,000 permutations. The indicators demonstrated genetic variability, with the identification of promising juvenile genotypes. The genotypes JCCE034, JCCE014 and JCCE103 show better genetic progress and the genotypes JCCE036 and JCCE86 show greater genetic divergences, forming individual clusters. J. curcas genotypes are promising in early selection and have satisfactory genetics gains for the traits. The genotypes have a good ability to compose groups of parents in targeted crosses, constituting base populations in the improvement of J. curcas. Keywords: Jatropha curcas; genetic diversity; selection gains; selection indexes.

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Potential and challenges in making physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) a viable biofuel crop: the Brazilian perspective.

CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources ◽

10.1079/pavsnnr20116043 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (043) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F Durães

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Physic Nut ◽

Biofuel Crop ◽

Jatropha Curcas L

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Leaf sampling to assess mineral nutrient composition of physic nut plants (Jatropha curcas L.)

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.08.p6913 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1069-1074

Author(s):

Rosiane de Lourdes Silva de Lima ◽

◽

Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Physic Nut ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Leaf Sampling

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Effects of Genotype, Direct Sowing and Plant Spacing on Field Performance of Jatropha curcas L.

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9080465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Zafitsara Tantely Andrianirina ◽

Matthias Martin ◽

Euloge Dongmeza ◽

Elisa Senger

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Field Performance ◽

Correct Choice ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Direct Sowing

The tropical multiuse tree Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) is highly promoted as oilseed crop for biodiesel production and for climate change mitigation, but cultivation practices require further research. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of varying plant spacings (2.0 m × 4 m compared to 1.5 m × 4 m), crop establishment methods (raising plantlets in a nursery prior to planting to the field compared to direct sowing) and genotypes on seed yield, seed quality and plant height, recorded at a dry-subhumid location in Madagascar (Ihosy) and at a humid location in Cameroon (Batchenga). Averaged across treatment variants and genotypes, seed yield and seed oil content were higher at the dry-subhumid site and in particular the narrower spacing reached higher seed yields per unit area than the wider spacing. At the humid site, plant growth was characterized by strong accumulation of biomass. The establishment method tested at the dry-subhumid site showed no significant differences in the recorded parameters. Our results encourage to re-think common practices in jatropha cultivation and underpin the importance of the correct choice of location, genotype and agronomic practices considering the interactions between all factors.

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