Study on Structural Characteristics of Composite Smart Grille Based on Principal Component Analysis

In recent years, many scholars have conducted in-depth and extensive research on the mechanical properties, preparation methods, and structural optimization of grid structural materials. In this paper, the structural characteristics of composite intelligent grid are studied by combining theoretical analysis with experiments. According to the existing conditions in the laboratory, the equilateral triangular grid structure experimental pieces were prepared. In this paper, principal component analysis combined with nearest neighbor method was used to detect the damage of composite plates. On this basis, the multiobjective robustness optimization of the structure is carried out based on artificial intelligence algorithm, which makes the structure quality and its sensitivity to uncertain parameters lower. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used in neural network training. The damage characteristics of different grid structures, different impact positions, and different impact energies were studied. The results show that the structural damage types, areas, and propagation characteristics are very different when the structure is impacted at different positions, which verifies that the grid structure has a good ability to limit the damage diffusion and shows that the grid structure has a good ability to resist damage.

MRI-Based Radiomic Signature Identifying Secondary Loss of Response to Infliximab in Crohn's Disease

Up to 50% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) experience secondary loss of response (SLR) to infliximab. Patients with SLR may show clinical signs of iron deficiency as a result of inflammation despite being iron-replete. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomic index, R2*, can detect changes in iron metabolism. Therefore, the R2* parameter has considerable potential for detection of SLR to infliximab. The aims of this study were to explore the correlation between R2* and inflammation and to develop a non-invasive nomogram based on R2* to identify SLR to infliximab in patients with CD. Three hundred and twenty-two infliximab-treated patients with CD who underwent magnetic resonance enterography within 2 weeks before or after 54 weeks of infliximab therapy were divided into training and validation datasets at a ratio of 8:2. Point-biserial analysis was conducted to confirm the relationship between R2* and inflammation. A multivariate logistic regression model was created using R2*, CRP and hemoglobin (OR, 1.10, 1.04 and 0.98; P < 0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to assess the performance of the model. A correlation between R2* and inflammation was identified. Different trends in R2* and iron status indices were observed between patients with responsive and non-responsive CD, which is worthy of further study. The model was converted to a visualized nomogram that had a good ability to discriminate the outcomes of infliximab therapy with an area under the curve of 0.723 (95% CI, 0.661–0.785) in the training dataset and 0.715 (95% CI, 0.587–0.843) in the validation dataset. We confirmed a correlation between R2* and inflammation in patients with CD. Based on the MRI-based radiomic signature, a novel nomogram was established and validated to facilitate individualized identification of SLR to infliximab in patients with CD.

Application of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous (ARIMAX) with Calendar Variation Effect Method for Forecasting Chocolate Data in Indonesia and the United States

Forecasting chocolate consumption is required by producers in preparing the amount of production each month. The tradition of Valentine, Christmas and Eid al-Fitr which are closely related to chocolate makes it impossible to predict chocolate by using the Classical Time Series method. Especially for Eid al-Fitr, the determination follows the Hijri calendar and each year advances 10 days on the Masehi calendar, so that every three years Eid al-Fitr will occur in a different month. Based on this, the chocolate forecasting will show a variation calendar effect. The method used in modeling and forecasting chocolate in Indonesia and the United States is the ARIMAX (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous) method with Calendar Variation effect. As a comparison, modeling and forecasting are also carried out using the Naïve Trend Linear, Naïve Trend Exponential, Double Exponential Smoothing, Time Series Regression, and ARIMA methods. The ARIMAX method with Calendar Variation Effect produces a very precise MAPE value in predicting chocolate data in Indonesia and the United States. The resulting MAPE value is below 10 percent, so it can be concluded that this method has a very good ability in forecasting.

Extended state observer-based control with an adjustable parameter for a large ground-based telescope

The high-precision requirements will always be constrained due to the complicated operating conditions of the ground-based telescope. Owing to various internal and external disturbances, it is necessary to study a control method, which should have a good ability on disturbance rejection and a good adaptability on system parameter variation. The traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller has the advantage of simple and easy adjustment, but it cannot deal with the disturbances well in different situations. This paper proposes a simplified active disturbance rejection control law, whose debugging is as simple as the PI controller, and with better disturbance rejection ability and parameter adaptability. It adopts a simplified second-order extended state observer (ESO) with an adjustable parameter to accommodate the significant variation of the inertia during the different design stages of the telescope. The gain parameter of the ESO can be adjusted online with a recursive least square estimating method once the system parameter has changed significantly. Thus, the ESO can estimate the total disturbances timely and the controller will compensate them accordingly. With the adjustable parameter of the ESO, the controller can always achieve better performance in different applications of the telescope. The simulation and experimental verification of the control law was conducted on a 1.2-meter ground based telescope. The results verify the necessity of adjusting the parameter of the ESO, and demonstrate better disturbance rejection ability in a large range of speed variations during the design stages of the telescope.

DAYA DUKUNG LINGKUNGAN UNTUK FUNGSI LINDUNG SITUS GUA BERINGIN DAN GUA CARANO DANAU SINGKARAK, SUMATERA BARAT [THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS FOR PROTECTION OF BARINGIN AND CARANO CAVE SITES IN THE SINGKARAK LAKE, WEST SUMATERA]

Lingkungan merupakan faktor penting bagi kehidupan di masa lalu hingga kini yang memiliki potensi sebagai sumber penghidupan manusia, seperti sumber air dan makanan. Manusia memiliki kemampuan adaptasi yang baik terhadap lingkungannya, dengan mengeksploitasi lingkungan dan menciptakan teknologi yang selaras dengan kebudayaannya. Adapun permasalahan yang akan dibahas pertama, bagaimana gambaran daya dukung lingkungan untuk fungsi lindung bagi keberlangsungan situs Gua Carano dan Gua Beringin di sekitar Danau Singkarak. Kedua, bagaimana nilai penting situs bagi penelitian dan pelestarian. Kemudian tujuannya adalah mengetahui daya dukung lingkungan untuk fungsi lindung bagi keberlangsungan situs Gua Carano dan Gua Beringin di sekitar Danau Singkarak. Selain itu bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai penting situs bagi penelitian dan pelestarian. Metode yang diterapkan adalah kualitatif menggunakan alur penalaran induktif. Hipotesisnya adalah lingkungan mempengaruhi budaya yang berkembang pada situs tersebut di masa lalu,dan perubahan yang terjadi di sekitarnya akan mempengaruhi situsnya. Kemudian guna mempertajam analisis daya dukung lingkungan untuk fungsi lindung dilakukan analisa terhadap data primer dan data sekunder melalui peta. Keberadaan Gua Beringin dan Gua Carano di tepian Danau Singkarak memiliki nilai sejarah yang cukup tinggi sejak masa prasejarah. Nilai penting dari sisi pendidikan dan ilmu pengetahuan meliputi teknologi pembuatan gerabah dan aktivitas kemaritiman di lingkungan danau sebagai bagian dari pelajaran muatan lokal, maupun menjadi objek penelitian bagi disiplin ilmu lain selain arkeologi. Nilai penting bagi kebudayaan berkaitan dengan strategi adaptasi dan subsistensi terhadap sumber daya alam di lingkungan danau. Environment is important for human livelihood, such as a source of water and food. Humans have a good ability to adapt by exploiting the environment and creating technology which is in harmony with their culture. The problems in this study are how is environment carrying capacity for protection the sustainability of Carano and Beringin Caves around Singkarak Lake, and how important are the caves. The method applied was qualitative using inductive reasoning flow. The analysis of both primary and secondary data was carried out through maps. The result showed that these caves have a fairly high historical value since prehistoric times. The important values in terms of education and science include technology for making pottery and maritime activities as part of local content lessons, as well as being an object of research for disciplines other than archeology. The Important values of culture are related to adaptation and subsistence strategies for natural resources.

Toward Polymeric and Polymer Composites Impeller Fabrication

Impellers are referred to as a core component of turbomachinery. The use of impellers in various applications is considered an integral part of the industry. So, increased performance and the optimization of impellers have been the center of attention of a lot of studies. In this regard, studies have been focused on the improvement of the efficiency of rotary machines through aerodynamic optimization, using high-performance materials and suitable manufacturing processes. As such, the use of polymers and polymer composites due to their lower weight when compared to metals has been the focus of studies. On the other hand, methods of the manufacturing process for polymer and polymer composite impellers such as conventional impeller manufacturing, injection molding and additive manufacturing can offer higher economic efficiency than similar metal parts. In this study, polymeric and polymer composites impellers are discussed and conclusions are drawn according to the manufacturing methods. Studies have shown promising results for the replacement of polymers and polymer composites instead of metals with respect to a suitable temperature range. In general, polymers showed a good ability to fabricate the impellers, however in more difficult working conditions considering the need for a substance with higher physical and mechanical properties necessitates the use of composite polymers. However, in some applications, the use of these materials needs further research and development.

The method of events separation with overlapping signals

In this paper, we propose a method for the rejection of the background from the superposition of signals from different, almost simultaneously occurring events in the calorimeter for the COMET experiment. The basic idea is to use the chi-squared distribution obtained from fitting the recorded shape of the signal with an average waveform. The elaborated method is applied for the reconstruction of events with overlapping signals from the electron and radiative capture of neutrons by the 175Lu nucleus, as well as overlapping signals from two electrons born as a result of the decay of muons in the bound state with an aluminum nucleus with impulses causing a “false” signal of the μ – e conversion. The method showed a good ability to separate events, meanwhile, the separation time is significantly less than the FWHM of the pulse shape.

Interest and Limits of [18F]ML-10 PET Imaging for Early Detection of Response to Conventional Chemotherapy

One of the current challenges in oncology is to develop imaging tools to early detect the response to conventional chemotherapy and adjust treatment strategies when necessary. Several studies evaluating PET imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) as a predictive tool of therapeutic response highlighted its insufficient specificity and sensitivity. The [18F]FDG uptake reflects only tumor metabolic activity and not treatment-induced cell death, which seems to be relevant for therapeutic evaluation. Therefore, to evaluate this parameter in vivo, several cell death radiotracers have been developed in the last years. However, few of them have reached the clinical trials. This systematic review focuses on the use of [18F]ML-10 (2-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)-2-methylmalonic acid) as radiotracer of apoptosis and especially as a measure of tumor response to treatment. A comprehensive literature review concerning the preclinical and clinical investigations conducted with [18F]ML-10 was performed. The abilities and applications of this radiotracer as well as its clinical relevance and limitations were discussed. Most studies highlighted a good ability of the radiotracer to target apoptotic cells. However, the increase in apoptosis during treatment did not correlate with the radiotracer tumoral uptake, even using more advanced image analysis (voxel-based analysis). [18F]ML-10 PET imaging does not meet current clinical expectations for early detection of the therapeutic response to conventional chemotherapy. This review has pointed out the challenges of applying various apoptosis imaging strategies in clinical trials, the current methodologies available for image analysis and the future of molecular imaging to assess this therapeutic response.

Lanthanide Europium MOF Nanocomposite as the Theranostic Nanoplatform for Microwave Thermo-Chemotherapy and Fluorescence Imaging

Backgrounds: Microwave sensitization nanoplatform, integrating multiple functional units for improving tumor selectivity, is of great significance for clinical tumor microwave therapy. Lanthanide europium metal organic framework materials (EuMOF) are expected to be a theranostic nanoplatform owing to its specific luminescent properties and microwave sensitization properties. However, it is difficult to be applied to complex biological systems for EuMOF due to its rapid degradation induced by the solvent molecular and ionic environment. In this work, a luminescent EuMOF nanocomposite (EuMOF@ZIF/AP-PEG, named EZAP) was designed, which brought the multifunctional characteristics of microwave sensitization, fluorescence imaging and drug loading. Results Lamellar EuMOF was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Through the charge adsorption mechanism, the zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF) structure was densely assembled on the surface of EuMOF to realize the protection. Then, through in-situ apatinib drug loading and PEG modification, EZAP nanocomposite was finally obtained. Apatinib (AP) was a kind of chemotherapy drug approved by Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. PEG modification increased long-term circulation of EZAP nanocomposite. The physical and chemical structure and properties of EuMOF@ZIF (EZ) were systematically represented, indicating the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. The toxic and side effects were negligible at a safe dose. The growth of human liver cancer cells and murine liver cancer cells in vitro was significantly inhibited, and the combined microwave-thermal therapy and chemotherapy in vivo achieved high anti-cancer efficacy. Moreover, EZAP nanocomposite possessed bright red fluorescence, which had good ability for tumor imaging in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Conclusion Therefore, EZAP nanocomposite showed high microwave sensitization, excellent fluorescence properties and good drug loading capacity, establishing a promising theranostic nanoplatform for tumor therapy and fluorescence imaging. This work proposes a unique strategy to design for the first time a multifunctional nanoplatform with lanthanide metal organic frameworks for tumor treatment and diagnosis in the biological application.

Assessing the Feasibility of Using Kinect 3D Images to Predict Light Lamb Carcasses Composition from Leg Volume

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the leg volume obtained by the Microsoft Kinect sensor to predict the composition of light lamb carcasses. The trial was performed on carcasses of twenty-two male lambs (17.6 ± 1.8 kg, body weight). The carcasses were split into eight cuts, divided into three groups according to their commercial value: high-value, medium value, and low-value group. Linear, area, and volume of leg measurements were obtained to predict carcass and cuts composition. The leg volume was acquired by two different methodologies: 3D image reconstruction using a Microsoft Kinect sensor and Archimedes principle. The correlation between these two leg measurements was significant (r = 0.815, p < 0.01). The models to predict cuts and carcass traits that include leg Kinect 3D sensor volume are very good in predicting the weight of the medium value and leg cuts (R2 of 0.763 and 0.829, respectively). Furthermore, the model, which includes the Kinect leg volume, explained 85% of its variation for the carcass muscle. The results of this study confirm the good ability to estimate cuts and carcass traits of light lamb carcasses with leg volume obtained with the Kinect 3D sensor.