Distribution and farmers knowledge on Fusarium wilt (Race 1) in cropping systems of Uganda

Fusarium wilt race 1, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. niveum (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans (Fon), is a major disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in the United States and throughout the world. Although Fusarium wilt race 1 resistance has been incorporated into several watermelon cultivars, identification of additional genetic sources of resistance is crucial if a durable and sustainable level of resistance is to be continued over the years. We conducted a genetic mapping study to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to Fon race 1 in segregating populations (F2:3 and recombinant inbred lines) of Citrullus amarus (citron melon) derived from the Fon race 1 resistant and susceptible parents USVL246-FR2 and USVL114, respectively. A major QTL (qFon1-9) associated with resistance to Fon race 1 was identified on chromosome 9 of USVL246-FR2. This discovery provides a novel genetic source of resistance to Fusarium wilt race 1 in watermelon and, thus, an additional host-resistance option for watermelon breeders to further the effort to mitigate this serious phytopathogen.

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Sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode in indigenous chickpea germplasm

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262112000263 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 258-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohar Singh ◽

Z. Khan ◽

Krishna Kumar ◽

M. Dutta ◽

Anju Pathania ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Practical Method ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Chickpea Wilt ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Race 1 ◽

Moderately Resistant

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. ciceri is prevalent in most chickpea-growing countries and is a major devastating disease. Host plant resistance is the most practical method of disease management. Indigenous chickpea germplasm reveals a heterogeneous genetic make-up and the response of resistance to wilt is an unexplored potential source for disease resistance. There are 70 indigenous germplasm lines selected on the basis of their agronomic performance and diverse areas of collections in the country. Of these, four accessions had a highly resistant score of 1 and six had a score of 3 using a 1–9 rating scale, indicating their level of resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 4). Other germplasm accessions of chickpea were found to be moderately resistant to highly susceptible disease reaction. Likewise, the same set of germplasm was also screened for Meloidogyne incognita (race 1) using pot culture under controlled condition. Only one accession was found to be resistant to this pest. These resistant gene sources can be utilised effectively for race-specific chickpea wilt and root-knot resistance breeding programmes.

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Functional Codominant Marker for Selecting the Fw Gene Conferring Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 1 in Pea

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2015.02.0102 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 2639-2646 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shalu Jain ◽

Norman F. Weeden ◽

Ajay Kumar ◽

Kishore Chittem ◽

Kevin McPhee

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Codominant Marker ◽

Race 1

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Inheritance and genetic linkage of fusarium wilt {Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum race 1) and scab {Cladosporium cucumerinum) resistance genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04098.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D J VAKALOUNAKIS

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Genetic Linkage ◽

Cladosporium Cucumerinum ◽

Race 1

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Managing Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon with Delayed Transplanting and Cultivar Resistance

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-18-0709-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anthony P. Keinath ◽

Timothy W. Coolong ◽

Justin D. Lanier ◽

Pingsheng Ji

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Carolina ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Southern United States ◽

Cultivar Resistance ◽

Race 1 ◽

Triploid Watermelon ◽

Marketable Fruit

Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum is a serious, widespread disease of watermelon throughout the southern United States. To investigate whether soil temperature affects disease development, three cultivars of triploid watermelon were transplanted March 17 to 21, April 7 to 11, and April 26 to May 2 in 2015 and 2016 at Charleston, SC, and Tifton, GA into fields naturally infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Incidence of Fusarium wilt was lower with late-season than with early and midseason transplanting in all four experiments (P ≤ 0.01). Cultivar Citation had more wilted plants than the cultivars Fascination and Melody in three of four experiments (P ≤ 0.05). In South Carolina, planting date did not affect weight and number of marketable fruit ≥4.5 kg apiece. In Georgia in 2016, weight and number of marketable fruit were greater with late transplanting than with early and midseason transplanting. In both states, yield and value for Fascination and Melody were higher than for Citation. Soil temperature averaged over the 4-week period after transplanting was negatively correlated with disease incidence for all four experiments (r = –0.737, P = 0.006). Transplanting after mid-April and choosing a cultivar with resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1, like Fascination, or tolerance, like Melody, can help manage Fusarium wilt of watermelon and increase marketable yields in the southern United States.

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Cropping systems strategy for effective management of Fusarium wilt in safflower

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2013.11.013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. Nageswara Rao ◽

R. Kalpana Sastry ◽

P. Craufurd ◽

H. Meinke ◽

D. Parsons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Effective Management

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Suppression of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Race 2 on Grafted Triploid Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-14-0005-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (10) ◽

pp. 1326-1332 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anthony P. Keinath ◽

Richard L. Hassell

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

The United States ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Race 1 ◽

Susceptible Control ◽

Triploid Watermelon ◽

Race 2

Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2, is a serious, widespread disease present in major watermelon-growing regions of the United States and other countries. ‘Fascination,’ a high yielding triploid resistant to race 1, is grown in southeastern states in fields that contain a mixture of races 1 and 2. There is some benefit to using cultivars with race 1 resistance in such fields, even though Fascination is susceptible to Fusarium wilt caused by race 2. Experiments in 2012 and 2013 were done in fields infested primarily with race 2 and a mixture of races 1 and 2, respectively. Fascination was grafted onto four rootstock cultivars: bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) ‘Macis’ and ‘Emphasis’ and interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima× C. moschata) ‘Strong Tosa’ and ‘Carnivor.’ Nongrafted and self-grafted Fascination were used as susceptible control treatments. In both experiments, mean incidence of plants with symptoms of Fusarium wilt was ≥52% in the susceptible control treatments and ≤6% on the grafted rootstocks. Disease incidence did not differ between rootstock species or cultivars. In both years, Fascination grafted onto Strong Tosa and Macis produced more marketable-sized fruit than the susceptible control treatments. Grafted Emphasis and Carnivor also produced more fruit than the control treatments in 2012. The cucurbit rootstocks suppressed Fusarium wilt caused by race 2 and increased marketable yield of triploid watermelon grown in infested soil.

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Control of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon by Grafting onto Bottlegourd or Interspecific Hybrid Squash Despite Colonization of Rootstocks by Fusarium

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-13-0100-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 255-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A. P. Keinath ◽

R. L. Hassell

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Field Performance ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Infested Field ◽

Race 1 ◽

Seedless Watermelon ◽

Race 2

Grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) onto rootstocks of interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), or citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) has been used in Asia and Israel to mange Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of infection of six rootstocks by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 1 and 2 and the field performance of grafted rootstocks in Charleston, SC. Grafted and nongrafted watermelon and rootstock plants were inoculated in the greenhouse with race 1, race 2, or water (the control treatment). With both races, the frequency of recovery of F. oxysporum from scion and rootstock portions of inoculated watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Ojakkyo’ citron was greater than from watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Shintosa Camel’ and ‘Strong Tosa’ interspecific hybrid squash, and from plants grafted onto ‘Emphasis’, ‘Macis’, and ‘WMXP 3945’ bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 1, percent recovery also was greater from Ojakkyo than from interspecific hybrid squash and bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 2, F. oxysporum was recovered from the base of ≥79% of all inoculated plants. More than two-thirds (15) of 21 isolates recovered from the tops or scions of inoculated plants were pathogenic on watermelon. In spring 2010 and 2011, the six rootstocks were grafted with seedless watermelon ‘Tri-X 313’, which is susceptible to both races, and transplanted in a field infested with races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Disease incidence for nongrafted and self-grafted Tri-X 313 (the control treatments) and Tri-X 313 grafted onto Ojakkyo citron did not differ significantly. Grafted watermelon plants produced greater weights and numbers of fruit than plants of the two control treatments. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum colonized interspecific hybrid squash, bottlegourd, and grafted watermelon. The rootstocks evaluated, however, restricted movement of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum into the watermelon scion, suppressed wilt symptoms, and increased fruit yields in an infested field.

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A Genetic Linkage Map for Watermelon Based on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.126.6.730 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 126 (6) ◽

pp. 730-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Amnon Levi ◽

Claude E. Thomas ◽

Xingping Zhang ◽

Tarek Joobeur ◽

Ralph A. Dean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

New Hampshire ◽

Genetic Linkage ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Rapd Primer ◽

Race 1 ◽

Linkage Distance

A genetic linkage [randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-based] map was constructed for watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] using a BC1 population [PI 296341-fusarium wilt resistant × New Hampshire Midget (fusarium susceptible)] × `New Hampshire Midget'. The map contains 155 RAPD markers, and a 700-base pair sequenced characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker that corresponds to a fragment produced by the RAPD primer GTAGCACTCC. This marker was reported previously as linked (1.6 cM) to race 1 fusarium wilt resistance in watermelon. The markers segregated to 17 linkage groups. Of these, 10 groups included nine to 19 markers, and seven groups included two to four markers. The map covers a genetic linkage distance of 1295 cM. Nine of the 10 large linkage groups contained segments with low (or no) level of recombination (0 to 2.6 cM) among markers, indicating that the watermelon genome may contain large chromosomal regions that are deficient in recombination events. The map should be useful for identification of markers linked closely to genes that control fruit quality and fusarium wilt (races 1 and 2) resistance in watermelon.

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First Report of Race 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in Southeastern Florida

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.199b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 199-199

Author(s):

R. C. Ploetz ◽

J. L. Haynes

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Personal Communication ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Single Spore ◽

Tomato Cultivar ◽

Race 1 ◽

Race 2 ◽

Research And Education

Race 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, cause of Fusarium wilt of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, was first recognized in Florida in 1982 on the west coast (Hillsborough and Manatee counties) (2). Approximately 10 years later, race 3 was reported in northeastern production areas of the state (Gadsden County) (1) and was observed on the east coast (Ft. Pierce area) (D. O. Chellemi, personal communication). During the 1998 to 1999 season, mature plants of Sanibel, a commercial tomato cultivar with resistance to races 1 and 2, were observed with symptoms of Fusarium wilt at the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead. Approximately 20% of the plants were conspicuously wilted, chlorotic, and necrotic in all or unilateral portions of the canopy. Internal, vascular discoloration in affected plants extended far into the canopy, distinguishing the disease from Fusarium crown rot, caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Pure colonies of fungi were isolated from surface-disinfested (10 s with 70% ethanol, 2 min with 10% bleach) stem segments on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin (100 mg/liter), rifamycin (50 mg/liter), and a commercial miticide (Danitol 2EHC [4 drops/liter]). Isolates were identified as F. oxysporum due to their production of typical falcate macroconidia with foot-shaped basal cells, microconidia borne in false heads only on mono-phialides, and chlamydospores. In replicated (three) greenhouse trials, six single-spore isolates were used to root-dip inoculate (107 conidia per ml) seedlings of differential tomato cultivars (Bonnie Best, no resistance; Manapal, race 1 resistance; Walter, race 1 and race 2 resistance). All isolates were pathogenic on each of the differential cultivars, and one isolate, 2-1, caused severe damage on Walter (mean rating of 3.5 on a 1 to 5 scale). The results were repeated in a second trial with the most virulent isolate. In both trials, pure colonies of F. oxysporum were recovered from symptomatic seedlings. Southeastern Florida is the last major tomatoproduction area in Florida to be affected by race 3 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. References: (1) D. O. Chellemi and H. A. Dankers. Plant Dis. 76:861, 1992. (2) R. B. Volin and J. P. Jones. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 95:268, 1982.

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