Turning good science into successful businesses: The technology transfer systems in the UK and Germany

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kettler ◽  
Steve Casper
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Public Science ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
Commercial Enterprise ◽  
Growth Profiles ◽  
National System Of Innovation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Effective Analysis

In the biotechnology industries, the technology transfer process serves as a crucial bridge linking public science to commercial enterprise. This paper argues that an effective analysis of technology transfer must move beyond a description of the technology transfer offices, and examine how a nation's technology transfer system is embedded within a broader national system of innovation. With this aim the UK and German technology transfer systems are compared. Important differences exist in the maturity and pattern of subsector specialisation across the two country's biotechnology industries. Germany's relatively late entry into the industry and its new companies' tendency to focus in platform technology and diagnostics segments as opposed to therapeutics (as is the case in the UK) can be linked to the laws governing intellectual property, the incentives for professors and scientists to become entrepreneurs, and the scientific resources available for commercialisation. Given the important differences in the profit and growth profiles of these product segments, the organisation of the technology transfer system together with national factors such as the availability of high-risk finance and skilled managers have a significant impact on the competitive prospects of a country's biotechnology industry.

FORMAL INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTS AS OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF INNOVATIONS AT UNIVERSITIES — COMPARATIVE DATA FROM SWEDEN AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1069-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER LINDELÖF
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Science Parks ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Similar Legislation

This paper identifies differences in institutional contexts (legislation) between Sweden and the UK and their effects on technology transfer policies. It then proceeds to examine how such activities are organized by universities. Empirical evidence from surveys conducted with technology transfer managers at eight Swedish universities and eleven UK universities gathered in Sweden and the UK during 2004 is analyzed. It is argued that the historical developments of these systems depend on different institutional contexts, which influence the modes of organization. The UK technology transfer system is based on similar legislation to that of the US, with IPRs being granted to the universities. The Swedish system, however, grants IPRs to the individual researchers, though with some new features — such as science parks and incubators — suggesting a change towards greater agent (university) involvement in encouraging technology transfer. This change indicates a breakthrough for the "entrepreneurial university" in Sweden.

Plant Intellectual Property Transfer Mechanisms at US Universities

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Steven C. Price ◽  
Bryan Z. Renk
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
Property Transfer ◽  
Agricultural Colleges ◽  
Colleges Of Agriculture ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

US colleges of agriculture and technology transfer offices have historically been in conflict over the management of plant varieties. In today's world, it is inefficient for agricultural colleges to have a system separate from a university's wider technology transfer system, since they both interact with inventors, handle intellectual property, market their products, negotiate licence agreements, and distribute royalties. The authors discuss a simple model that would allow these two currently competing systems to become integrated.

scholarly journals Analysis of foreign tech transfer offices experience for the effective tech transfer system formation in the Ukrainian scientific institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Melnyk-Melnykov ◽  
T.V. Piatchanina ◽  
A.N. Ohorodnyk ◽  
M.G. Mazur M.G.
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Effective Practices ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The introduction highlights some of the current problems of technology transfer offices (OTT) in Ukraine. The world has developed effective practices for the functioning of OTT, but they do not take into account the current problems of Ukraine’s economic situation. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to study the world practices of OTT and adapt their experience to the current realities of Ukraine. Using analysis and synthesis methods, the review of foreign and domestic scientific papers and normative legal acts devoted to the practice and experience of the most famous OTT was fulfilled. Results: Based on the analysis of the best world practice of OTT, practical recommendations for the functioning of Ukrainian OTTs with regard to modern realities have been obtained. It is found that only a small number of technologies in a large portfolio of intellectual property objects can bring significant income. Conclusions. Some recommendations based on the experience of western OTT are provided to the management of domestic scientific institutions.

scholarly journals Why scientists, academic institutions, and investors fail in bringing more products to the bedside: the Active Compass model for overcoming the innovation paradox

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaron Ilan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices

AbstractThe vast majority of good science and excellent ideas do not translate into products. Many good products that have the potential to assist in diagnosis and therapy do not mature into everyday care. This often becomes a source of frustration for innovators, academic institutions, companies both small and large, and investors. The “innovation paradox” , wherein excellent ideas and good science fail to reach the bedside, is a major challenge. This study presents the Active Compass model as a way to overcome this obstacle. The model is designed to assist projects at early stages by redirecting and reshaping them in a way that increases their chances of reaching the markets. The model is based on the use of next-generation translational research and on creating differentiators at the early stages of development. The proposed model’s implementation by innovators, scientists, technology transfer offices, academic institutions, analysts, and investors can help move forward high-potential projects to improve the quality of life and alleviate the burdens of disease.

Technology Transfer between Industry and Higher Education

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
S. Connor ◽  
J. Farmer ◽  
J. Wylie ◽  
A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
The Uk

This article is concerned with a technology transfer system – the Teaching Company Scheme – which has been operating for some years in the UK. The Scheme is intended to foster a two-way flow of advanced technology between higher education and industry. The authors report on a number of case studies of Teaching Company Programmes and draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the Scheme. A complimentary article on the Teaching Company Scheme was published in the March issue of Industry and Higher Education, focusing on the Scheme in the context of organizational learning (Christine Tiler and Michael Gibbons, ‘A case study of organizational learning: The UK Teaching Company Scheme’, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 5, No 1, 1991, pp 47–55).

The Entrepreneurial University and Spin-Out Firms in the UK

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lynskey
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
The Uk

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study into spin-out firms established during a five-year period at ten UK universities. The author suggests that merely counting the number of spin-outs formed reveals little about the overall efficiency of technology transfer efforts at universities. Instead, one has also to consider other aspects, such as the institutional setting from which spin-outs emerge, as well as several characteristics of the spin-outs themselves, including their origins and growth, the investments received and their continuing presence in the local economy. The paper also conveys the attitudes of directors of technology transfer offices on issues such as technology transfer policy, the management of the spin-out process, and the demand to achieve targets for spin-out numbers. The directors reveal reservations about the legitimacy and value of count data and simple comparisons between universities as a measure of commercialization efforts, and express concern about the use of targets as performance indicators.

Technology transfer offices and academic spin-off creation: the case of Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardina Algieri ◽  
Antonio Aquino ◽  
Marianna Succurro
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices

Collaboration between France and the UK in R&D and Technology Transfer

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Nicolaon
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Full Advantage ◽  
National Economy ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Technology Group ◽  
The Uk

Recent analyses in France and the UK of the role of R&D and technology transfer in the national economy have emphasized different problems but the same conclusion. Both governments recognize that the transfer of technology has to be improved to take full advantage of the national R&D effort. The author assesses the extent of collaboration between the two countries and considers activities of ANVAR, the French National Agency for Innovation, and the British Technology Group to enhance interaction and increase the effective commercialization of innovations.

scholarly journals Technology Transfer Projects in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin George Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Business Practitioners ◽  
The Uk

This article examines how technology transfer has operated in university-company projects undertaken in small to medium sized enterprises via the UK Knowledge Transfer Partnership scheme. It adopts a qualitative case study approach, focusing on three companies drawn from an initial review of fourteen technology transfer projects. This provides the foundation for the development of a model of 12 key factors that underpinned successful outcomes in these projects. The fourteen projects are reviewed in terms of their impact on either process change, service improvement or product development, drawing upon the post-project assessments of the funding body and the developed model. Findings suggest that using new technology to innovate internal processes and services is likely to prove more successful than projects focusing on new product development. The model provides an analytical framework that will be of interest and value to academics and business practitioners looking to develop university-industry partnerships involving technology change and innovation.

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