Role of Widal Test in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Context to Other Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarique Aziz ◽  
S. S Haque
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Widal Test

Role of Shamanaushadhi in Typhoid Fever – An Observational Clinical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Parauha ◽  
M. A. Hullur ◽  
Prashanth. A. S.
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area

Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever that is most often caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. Once the bacteria is ingested it quickly multiplies within the stomach, liver or gall bladder and finally enters the blood stream causing symptoms like fever, headache etc. these cases as of 2010 caused about 190000 deaths up from 137000 in 1990 in whole world, India, Pakistan and Egypt are also known high risk area for developing this disease. A clinical study comprising of 15 patients of either sex attending OPD clinic of AMVH Hubli and presenting with clinical manifestation of Typhoid confirmed by Widal test were selected for observational study. All the patients received Sanjivani Vati 2 tab. bid with Kiratadisapta Kashaya (20 ml) twice daily after food. It was given for 21 days and follow up period was of 1 month with weekly visit. From the result obtained we can conclude that therapy with this Ayurvedic combination of drugs shown significant relief (p less than 0.001) in symptoms after 21 days of treatment.

SIGNIFICANCE OF WIDAL TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Purdil Khan ◽  
Aziz Ahmad ◽  
Alamzeb ◽  
Taj Muhammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Agglutinin Titre

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the role of Widal test with appropriate titters in diagnosisof Enteric fever in an endemic area of District Swat.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Saidu Teaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif betweenOctober 2010 and April 2012. Patients more than 15 years old and more than seven days of fever wereincluded in this study.Widal test was also done on 200 normal individuals, 197 non-typhoidal fevers and 175bacteriologically proven cases of typhoid.Results: Of 200 normal individuals, 2% had an H agglutinin titre of 1/160 and 5% had an O agglutinin titreof 1/160. H and/or 0 agglutinin titre of 1/320 or more was observed in 93-97% of typhoid cases and in only3% of patients with non-typhoidal fever. Of the sera from typhoid cases which gave a significant Widalreaction, the majority (79.9%) showed increases in both H and 0 agglutinins and 51 of 234 (21.8%) of thesesera were collected in the first week of illness.Conclusion : Based on these data it is evident that an H and/or 0 agglutinin titre of: 1/320 or more should beconsidered significant and indicative of typhoid fever.Key words; Widal test, Gram negative bacterium, agglutinin titres

scholarly journals The role of flies in the spread of typhoid fever. Kister (Arch. F. Gyg., Bd. 100, H. 1-4)

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever

Highlights the important role of flies in the spread of typhoid fever

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF RAPID DOT-EIA, BLOOD CULTURE AND WIDAL TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sanjeev ◽  
Sweetha Nayak ◽  
Pai Asha K. B. ◽  
Rai Rekha ◽  
Vimal Karnaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Far East ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
South Central

Abstract Background: Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, is endemic in the Indian sub-continent including Bangladesh, South-east and Far-east Asia, Africa and South Central America. The disease can occur in all age group with highest incidence among children. Blood culture is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis and carry 70-75% diagnostic yield in the first week of illness. However, this requires laboratory equipment and technical training that are beyond the means of most primary health care facilities in the developing world. Typhidot is a rapid dot-enzyme immune assay (EIA), which detects IgG and IgM antibodies to a specific 50 kD outer membrane protein (OMP) antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Typhidot becomes positive as early as in the first week of fever. The results can be visually interpreted and is available within one hour. Materials and method: Fifty blood samples, collected aseptically from patients clinically diagnosed of Typhoid fever, were evaluated by blood culture, Widal test and Typhidot. Results: Of the 50 patients, 33 (66%) were positive by blood culture. Widal test was positive in 33(66%) patients which included 26 in blood culture positive patients and 7 in blood culture negative patients. Typhidot was positive in 37 (74%) patients. Thus, in comparison to the gold standard test i:e blood culture, Typhidot and Widal test had sensitivity and specificity of 100% & 76% and 78.78% & 58.82% respectively. Conclusion: Typhidot is found to have high sensitivity and good specificity and could be applied as a good alternate in resource poor nation. Further, it is simple to perform, reliable when compared to Widal test, and rapid, with results being available in one hour when compared to 48 hours for blood culture and 18 hours for Widal test.

P0737 TYPHOID FEVER – WHAT IS THE CLINICAL VALUE OF THE WIDAL TEST?

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S240
Author(s):  
Célia Henriques ◽  
Ana Soares ◽  
Bruno Grima ◽  
Nuno Riso
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Clinical Value

scholarly journals An investigation of the normal agglutinins for typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli in human sera in Victoria, and the interpretation of the Widal test

1938 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Gregory ◽  
Nancy Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Human Sera

1. Five hundred samples of sera sent for the Wassermann test were tested for the presence of H and O agglutinins for Bact. typhosum, Bact. paratyphosum A and Bact. paratyphosum B. Histories were obtained of nearly all those persons whose sera gave H agglutination at dilutions of 1:40 or higher, or O agglutination at 1:80 or higher. It was found that at least 20 people in this series had been inoculated or had suffered from enteric fever. The remaining 480 were considered to be normal. This assumption is likely to be correct in this community where typhoid is the only enteric fever which occurs, and that rarely, and where inoculation is not commonly practised.2. The results are tabulated so as to show all the combinations of agglutinins which occurred at serum dilutions from 1:20 to 1:1280. Out of sixty-three possible combinations of agglutinins twenty-three were found to occur.3. The interpretation of the results for single agglutinins and for certain combinations of agglutinins is discussed, and also the application of these results to the diagnosis of typhoid fever in this community and enteric fever elsewhere.4. A comparison of the local “level” of normal agglutinins with that of other communities is made, and the origin of normal and co-agglutinins discussed.

scholarly journals Utility of A Single Widal Test in The Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABM Shahidul Alam ◽  
Fahim Ahmed Rupam ◽  
Farhana Chaiti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agglutinin Titer

Background & objectives: The clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever is difficult, as the presenting symptoms are often diverse and similar to those observed with other febrile illnesses. The definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever requires the isolation of Salmonella typhi or paratyphi from the patient concerned. Since patients often receive antibiotics prior to a confirmatory diagnosis, there is uncertainty that bacteria can be isolated from the blood cultures. Besides this, the facilities for blood culture are not always available or feasible. All these limitations have made Widal test the most utilized diagnostic test for typhoid fever. Many studies have produced data which had cast serious doubts on the value of the Widal Test and thus reappraisal of the role of a single Widal test is needed.Methods & materials: This study was carried out to determine the changes in clinical pattern of enteric fever. A total of 153 children, aged 0 to 14 years, diagnosed as typhoid fever (either positive blood culture for Salmonella typhi or paratyphi) were induced in the study. Of them, 86 children were with a definitive diagnosis of typhoid or paratyphoid fever as indicated by the isolation of S. typhi or S. paratyphi from the blood and 17 had negative blood culture but were clinically suspected of having typhoid fever. The control group was comprised of 50 children with non-typhoidal fevers The Widal test was carried out using rapid slide agglutination method and its accuracy was assessed by comparing the findings with that obtained through blood culture.Result: The mean age of the patients was 5.2 ± 2.8 years and the youngest and oldest patients were 0.7 and 14 years respectively and male to female ratio was roughly 1:1. Nearly one-quarter (24.6%) of the patients had been suffering from the disease for >10 days and the mean duration of illness was 8.2 ± 3.3 days. Widal Test result showed that an ‘O’ agglutinin titer of cut-off value e”1:40 gave a sensitivity of 87.2%, a specificity of 47.1%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 89.2% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 42.1%. The sensitivity and NPV decreased with the increase in titer levels and were 56.9% and 31.5% at cut-off value of e” 1:320, while the specificity and PPV increased with the increase in titer levels from 47.1% and 89.2% respectively at a titer of e”1:40 to 100% at a titer of e” 1:320. The ‘titer behaved in the same way as did the ‘O’ agglutinin titer. Similarly when H’ agglutinin was used the sensitivity and NPV decreased from 65% and 31.7% at a titer of e”1:40 to only 25% and 20% respectively at a titer of > 1:320, while specificity and PPV increased from 76.4% and 81.1% at >1:40 to 94.1% and 95.6% respectively at e” 1:320. When either ‘O’ or ‘H’ antibody titer of e”1:160 was used, a good sensitivity (71%), specificity (70.6%) and PPV (92.4%) resulted, though NPV decreased to 32.4%.Conclusion: The Widal test can be of diagnostic value when blood cultures are not available nor practically feasible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i2.10377  Bangladesh J Child Health 2011; Vol 35 (2): 53-58

Advancing the management and control of typhoid fever: A review of the historical role of human challenge studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire S. Waddington ◽  
Thomas C. Darton ◽  
William E. Woodward ◽  
Brian Angus ◽  
Myron M. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
And Control
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