Roportionality is a central component of middle-grades mathematics. Students encounter contexts and concepts involving ratios, proportions, fractions, decimals, percents, similarity, rates, linear relationships, and related situations when counting and additive models are no longer appropriate or efficient methods to apply. Experience has shown us that it takes time and active engagement to develop the thinking needed to conceptualize these areas. Such understanding lays an important foundation for later mathematics. To provide you with classroom-based ideas and examples and to stimulate your own thinking about proportional reasoning, the Editorial Panel brings you this focus issue. The authors share activities and insights for classroom teaching on a variety of proportional reasoning topics.