Mixed infection among phytoplasmas, Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in Xanthosoma plants in Assam, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Shankar Hemanta Gogoi ◽  
Palash Deb Nath ◽  
Ranima Mishra ◽  
Sheriful Alam
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Potato Virus Y

scholarly journals Characterization of the Interactions Between Cucumber mosaic virus and Potato virus Y in Mixed Infections in Tomato

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Mascia ◽  
Fabrizio Cillo ◽  
Vilma Fanelli ◽  
Mariella Matilde Finetti-Sialer ◽  
Angelo De Stradis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Satellite Rna ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
2B Protein

Mixed infection with the SON41 strain of Potato virus Y (PVY-SON41) in tomato increased accumulation of RNAs of strains Fny and LS of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Fny and CMV-LS, respectively) and enhanced disease symptoms. By contrast, replication of PVY-SON41 was downregulated by CMV-Fny and this was due to the CMV-Fny 2b protein. The CMV-FnyΔ2b mutant was unable to systemically invade the tomato plant because its movement was blocked at the bundle sheath of the phloem. The function needed for invading the phloem was complemented by PVY-SON41 in plants grown at 22°C whereas this complementation was not necessary in plants grown at 15°C. Mutations in the 2b protein coding sequence of CMV-Fny as well as inhibition of translation of the 2a/2b overlapping region of the 2a protein lessened both the accumulation of viral RNAs and the severity of symptoms. Both of these functions were complemented by PVY-SON41. Infection of CMV-Fny supporting replication of the Tfn-satellite RNA reduced the accumulation of CMV RNA and suppressed symptom expression also in plants mixed-infected with PVY-SON41. The interaction between CMV and PVY-SON41 in tomato exhibited different features from that documented in other hosts. The results of this work are relevant from an ecological and epidemiological perspective due to the frequency of natural mixed infection of CMV and PVY in tomato.

scholarly journals Epidemic of Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in Henan Province Tobacco

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. D. Li ◽  
Y. Q. Li ◽  
H. G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Vein Necrosis

Flue-cured tobacco is an important crop in Henan Province, China. During the 2000 growing season, many tobacco plants showed various degrees of mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, or vein necrosis in most of the counties. Some plants even died at an early stage of growth. A survey was conducted in May-June in several tobacco-growing counties, and the incidence of symptomatic plants in individual fields ranged from 10 to 85%. The most widely planted tobacco varieties, NC89, K326, and K346, were highly susceptible. Symptomatic plants were collected from Jiaxian and Xiangcheng counties and samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX). Of 65 samples tested, 21 were positive for only PVY, 16 positive for only CMV, one each was positive for only TMV or PVX. Nineteen samples were doubly infected with various combinations of these viruses and six were infected with combinations of three viruses. The causal agent(s) in the remaining sample could not be determined. In total, CMV was detected in 40 samples, PVY in 38, PVX in 10, and TMV in 7 samples. TMV and CMV used to be the most important viruses and PVY occurred only rarely. But PVY has become prevalent in Henan and in neighboring Shandong province (2). CMV and TMV were reported to be the most prevalent viruses in Shanxi (1) and Fujian Provinces (3). Because resistant varieties are not available, and mixed infections are more common, the results presented here explain why huge damage is occurring in tobacco crops in recent years. Some varieties are partially resistant to TMV and CMV but the varieties commonly grown are highly susceptible to PVY. Therefore, breeding for resistance to viruses, especially to PVY, is urgent to control the occurrence of tobacco viral diseases. References: (1) J. L. Cheng et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 4:43, 1998. (2) J. B. Wang et al. Chinese Tobacco Sci. 1:26, 1998. (3) L. H. Xie et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 2:25, 1994.

scholarly journals Cucumber mosaic virus Infection Transiently Breaks dsRNA-Induced Transgenic Immunity to Potato virus Y in Tobacco

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 936-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neena Mitter ◽  
Emy Sulistyowati ◽  
Ralf G. Dietzgen
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), an intrinsic plant defense mechanism, can be efficiently triggered by double stranded (ds)RNA-producing transgenes and can provide high level virus resistance by specific targeting of cognate viral RNA. The discovery of virus-encoded suppressors of PTGS led to concerns about the stability of such resistance. Here, we show that Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is able to suppress dsRNA-induced PTGS and the associated Potato virus Y (PVY) immunity in tobacco. CMV suppression supported only a transient PVY accumulation and did not prevent recovery of the transgenic plants from PVY infection. CMV inoculation resulted in strongly increased transgene mRNA levels due to suppression of PTGS, but accumulation of PVY-specific small interfering (si)RNA was unaffected. However, PVY accumulation in previously immune plants resulted in increased PVY siRNA levels and transgene mRNA was no longer detected, despite the presence of CMV. Transgene mRNA returned to high levels once PVY was no longer detected in CMV-infected plants. Recovered and chronically CMV-infected tissues were immune to further PVY infection.

scholarly journals Incidencia y sintomatología de cinco virus en parcelas comerciales de chile seco en Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí y Zacatecas, México

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Velásquez-Valle ◽  
Luis Roberto Reveles-Torres ◽  
Jaime Mena-Covarrubias
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Tobacco Etch Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mottle Virus ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Das Elisa

A nivel mundial el cultivo de chile es afectado por más de 60 enfermedades virales; sin embargo, poco se conoce acerca de ellas en el área productora de chile seco del norte centro de México por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en detectar la presencia y sintomatología de cinco virus en parcelas comerciales de chile seco en los estados mencionados. Plantas de chile de los tipos mirasol y ancho fueron muestreadas y se anotó la presencia de síntomas como enanismo, clorosis, deformación de hojas, defoliación, necrosis vascular y ramas unidas. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante la técnica DAS- ELISA empleando los antisueros para el virus del mosaico del tabaco (Tobacco mosaic virus: TMV), mosaico del pepino (Cucumber mosaic virus: CMV), Y de la papa (Potato virus Y: PVY), moteado del chile (Pepper mottle virus: PepMoV) y jaspeado del tabaco (Tobacco etch virus: TEV). Esos virus fueron identificados en plantas de chile colectadas en las parcelas comerciales de chile seco de los tres estados antes mencionados.

scholarly journals Artificially Edited Alleles of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E1 Gene Differentially Reduce Susceptibility to Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Potato Virus Y in Tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Atarashi ◽  
Wikum Harshana Jayasinghe ◽  
Joon Kwon ◽  
Hangil Kim ◽  
Yosuke Taninaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Eukaryotic Translation ◽  
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation ◽  
Viral Coat ◽  
Parental Cultivar

Eukaryotic translation initiation factors, including eIF4E, are susceptibility factors for viral infection in host plants. Mutation and double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of tomato eIF4E genes can confer resistance to viruses, particularly members of the Potyvirus genus. Here, we artificially mutated the eIF4E1 gene on chromosome 3 of a commercial cultivar of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by using CRISPR/Cas9. We obtained three alleles, comprising two deletions of three and nine nucleotides (3DEL and 9DEL) and a single nucleotide insertion (1INS), near regions that encode amino acid residues important for binding to the mRNA 5' cap structure and to eIF4G. Plants homozygous for these alleles were termed 3DEL, 9DEL, and 1INS plants, respectively. In accordance with previous studies, inoculation tests with potato virus Y (PVY; type member of the genus Potyvirus) yielded a significant reduction in susceptibility to the N strain (PVYN), but not to the ordinary strain (PVYO), in 1INS plants. 9DEL among three artificial alleles had a deleterious effect on infection by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, type member of the genus Cucumovirus). When CMV was mechanically inoculated into tomato plants and viral coat accumulation was measured in the non-inoculated upper leaves, the level of viral coat protein was significantly lower in the 9DEL plants than in the parental cultivar. Tissue blotting of microperforated inoculated leaves of the 9DEL plants revealed significantly fewer infection foci compared with those of the parental cultivar, suggesting that 9DEL negatively affects the initial steps of infection with CMV in a mechanically inoculated leaf. In laboratory tests, viral aphid transmission from an infected susceptible plant to 9DEL plants was reduced compared with the parental control. Although many pathogen resistance genes have been discovered in tomato and its wild relatives, no CMV resistance genes have been used in practice. RNA silencing of eIF4E expression has previously been reported to not affect susceptibility to CMV in tomato. Our findings suggest that artificial gene editing can introduce additional resistance to that achieved with mutagenesis breeding, and that edited eIF4E alleles confer an alternative way to manage CMV in tomato fields.

scholarly journals Predominância de begomovírus em tomateiros na região produtora da Ibiapaba, Ceará, e sua detecção natural em plantas daninhas

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana S.E.P. Arnaud ◽  
Carmem D.G. Santos ◽  
José A.A. Lima ◽  
Francisco A. A. Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Amaranthus Spinosus ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

O tomateiro, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., hortaliça de grande importância econômica para o Brasil, apresenta muitos problemas fitossanitários, dentre os quais as viroses. Os vírus associados à cultura no país pertencem aos gêneros Begomovirus, mais frequentemente relatado, Potyvirus, Cucumovirus, Tospovirus e Tobamovirus. No Ceará, apesar de relatos da incidência de viroses em tomateiros na Chapada da Ibiapaba, maior região produtora do estado, há escassez de informações sobre a situação atual da ocorrência de begomovírus, nas diversas lavouras daquele agropólo. Assim, foram objetivos deste trabalho: realizar levantamento da presença de begomovírus nas cultivares e híbridos de tomateiro explorados comercialmente na Ibiapaba; verificar a ocorrência de plantas daninhas infectadas e investigar a transmissão artificial de begomovírus isolados de tomateiro e de plantas daninhas para tomateiro. Os testes sorológicos e a PCR realizados detectaram begomovírus em 'Alambra', 'Densus', 'Monalisa', 'Santa Clara', 'Sheila', 'Sofia', 'Raisa-N' e 'TY- Fanny', cultivares e híbridos mais cultivados nas lavouras. Além de begomovírus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) e Potato virus Y (PVY) foram também detectados. As plantas daninhas Amaranthus spinosus, A. viridis, Ageratum conyzoides e Bidens pilosa foram identificadas como hospedeiras naturais de begomovírus. A transmissão de begomovírus de tomateiro para tomateiro ocorreu em inoculações por enxertia e via extrato foliar e de plantas daninhas infectadas para tomateiros sadios somente por enxertia. O levantamento revelou que, à semelhança do que ocorre no restante do país, begomovírus são predominantes nas lavouras de tomate da Ibiapaba e que as plantas invasoras ali encontradas podem ser fontes de infecção viral para a cultura.

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