Correlation of Blood Insulin Levels with Blood Pressure in Normal Subjects and Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Richa Srivastav ◽  
Ashutosh Bhardwaj ◽  
Dushyant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pathophysiologic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Westman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
Average Adult

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and elevated blood insulin (hyperinsulinemia). When the blood glucose concentration is 100 milligrams/deciliter the bloodstream of an average adult contains about 5–10 grams of glucose. Carbohydrate-restricted diets have been used effectively to treat obesity and T2DM for over 100 years, and their effectiveness may simply be due to lowering the dietary contribution to glucose and insulin levels, which then leads to improvements in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Treatments for T2DM that lead to improvements in glycemic control and reductions in blood insulin levels are sensible based on this pathophysiologic perspective. In this article, a pathophysiological argument for using carbohydrate restriction to treat T2DM will be made.

scholarly journals Effect of heart rate on left ventricular longitudinal myocardial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Yamauchi ◽  
Hidekazu Tanaka ◽  
Shun Yokota ◽  
Yasuhide Mochizuki ◽  
Yuko Yoshigai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Heart Rate ◽  
Lv Dysfunction

Abstract Background Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal myocardial dysfunction is considered a marker of preclinical LV dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). High heart rate (HR) is associated with cardiovascular outcomes, but the effect of HR on LV longitudinal myocardial function in T2DM patients is uncertain. Methods We studied 192 T2DM patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and 81 age-, sex-, and LVEF-matched healthy volunteers. HR was measured as the average HR during echocardiography, and high HR was defined as resting HR ≥ 70 beats/minute. LV longitudinal myocardial function was assessed as global longitudinal strain (GLS). The predefined cutoff for subclinical LV dysfunction was set at GLS < 18%. Results GLS in T2DM patients with high HR was significantly lower than that in T2DM patients with low HR (16.3% ± 4.2% vs. 17.8% ± 2.8%; P = 0.03), whereas GLS in normal subjects with high and low HR was similar (20.3 ± 1.7% vs. 20.3 ± 2.0%; P = 0.99). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that high HR (odds ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.07; P = 0.01) was independently associated with GLS < 18% in T2DM patients as well as HbA1c, T2DM duration, LVEF, body mass index, and mitral inflow E and mitral e’ annular velocity ratio. One sequential logistic model evaluating the associations between GLS < 18% and clinical variables in T2DM patients showed an improvement with the addition of LVEF and E/e’ (P < 0.001) and a further improvement with the addition of high HR (P < 0.001). Conclusion Compared with normal subjects, resting HR was associated with LV longitudinal myocardial function in asymptomatic T2DM patients with preserved LVEF. Our findings provide new insights on the management of T2DM patients.

Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Bazyar ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Sirous Saradar ◽  
Delsa Mombaini ◽  
Mohammad Allivand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the inflammatory and metabolic responses to epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are unknown. Objectives Evaluate the impacts of EGCG on metabolic factors and some biomarkers of stress oxidative in patients with T2DM. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with T2DM consumed either 2 tablets (300 mg) EGCG (n=25) or wheat flour as placebo (n=25) for 2 months. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile, mean arterial pressure (MAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results The finding of present study exhibited a significant increase in the serum levels of TAC after the EGCG supplementation (p=0.001). Also, in compare with control group, the mean changes of TAC were significantly higher in supplement group (p=0.01). In intervention group, a significant decrease was observed in the mean levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AIP, and MAP (p<0.05). Taking EGCG resulted in the mean changes of total cholesterol, MAP and DBP were significantly lower in compare with control group (p<0.05). Conclusions This study recommended that EGCG supplementation may be improved blood pressure, lipid profile, AIP, and oxidative status in patients with T2DM.

Validation of Tokyo Guidelines 2007 and Tokyo Guidelines 2013/2018 Criteria for Acute Cholangitis and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ramkumar Mohan ◽  
Stefanie Wei Lynn Goh ◽  
Guan Wei Tan ◽  
Yen Pin Tan ◽  
Sameer P. Junnarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Glasgow Coma Score ◽  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Tokyo Guidelines

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Acute cholangitis (AC) is a common emergency with a significant mortality risk. The Tokyo Guidelines (TG) provide recommendations for diagnosis, severity stratification, and management of AC. However, validation of the TG remains poor. This study aims to validate TG07, TG13, and TG18 criteria and identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with AC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a retrospective audit of patients with a discharge diagnosis of AC in the year 2016. Demographic, clinical, investigation, management and mortality data were documented. We performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis with stepwise variable selection to identify severity predictors for in-hospital mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two hundred sixty-two patients with a median age of 75.9 years (IQR 64.8–82.8) years were included for analysis. TG13/TG18 diagnostic criteria were more sensitive than TG07 diagnostic criteria (85.1 vs. 75.2%; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.006). The majority of the patients (<i>n</i> = 178; 67.9%) presented with abdominal pain, pyrexia (<i>n</i> = 156; 59.5%), and vomiting (<i>n</i> = 123; 46.9%). Blood cultures were positive in 95 (36.3%) patients, and 79 (83.2%) patients had monomicrobial growth. The 30-day, 90-day, and in-hospital mortality numbers were 3 (1.1%), 11 (4.2%), and 15 (5.7%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 12.531; 95% CI 0.354–116.015; <i>p</i> = 0.026), systolic blood pressure &#x3c;100 mm Hg (OR = 10.108; 95% CI 1.094–93.395; <i>p</i> = 0.041), Glasgow coma score &#x3c;15 (OR = 38.16; 95% CI 1.804–807.191; <i>p</i> = 0.019), and malignancy (OR = 14.135; 95% CI 1.017–196.394; <i>p</i> = 0.049) predicted in-hospital mortality. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> TG13/18 diagnostic criteria are more sensitive than TG07 diagnostic criteria. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure &#x3c;100 mm Hg, Glasgow coma score &#x3c;15, and malignant etiology predict in-hospital mortality in patients with AC. These predictors could be considered in acute stratification and treatment of patients with AC.

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