Association of lipid profile parameters, atherogenic index of plasma, anthropometric parameters with the severity of the COVID-19 course in Novosibirsk women

Background: Our study aimed to assess the relationship between the parameters of the lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), anthropometry influence with the severity of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in women. Material and methods. The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research included 138 women aged 29–82 years who had undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 at least two months ago. Participants were divided into three groups by severity of infection: mild (n = 61), moderate (n = 70) and severe (n = 7). Body mass index, waistline and hip circumference, waistline circumference to hip circumference index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, AIP were calculated. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS software package (version 20.0) using the Mann-Whitney test, univariate logistic regression analysis, Pearson chi-squared test. Results. The levels of HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in group 3 compared with the level of HDL-cholesterol in women in group 2 (p2-3 = 0.046). BMI was higher in the moderately severe group compared to the mild one (26.32 [23.305; 30.4] versus 28.78 [24.72; 34.77], p1-2 = 0.026). Hip circumference was higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in patients with mild course (104 [98; 112] versus 114 [109.5; 126], p1-3 = 0.039), AIP was higher in women with severe course compared to women with moderate and mild course (p1-3 = 0.043, p2-3 = 0.04). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the moderate course of COVID-19 is associated with BMI (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI 1.019–1.166, p1-2 = 0.012), and the severe course with WC (OR = 1.041, 95 % CI 1.001–1.084, p1-3 = 0.046), AIP value ≥ 0.11 (OR = 13.824, 95 % CI 1.505–126.964, p1-3 = 0.02; OR = 11,579, 95 % CI 1,266–105,219, p2-3 = 0.03) and HDL level < 40 mg/dl (OR = 14,750, 95 % CI 2,317–93,906, p1-3 = 0.004; OR = 8,000, 95 % CI 1,313– 48,538, p1-3 = 0.024). Conclusion. Patients from the group with moderate and severe course of the new coronavirus infection have higher body mass index, hip circumference, AIP, lower HDL values. The chance of a moderate course of COVID-19 is associated with an increased BMI value, and a severe course with WC, AIP ≥ 0.11 and HDL level < 40 mg/dl.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PRESSURE AND ATHEROGENIC INDEX OF PLASMA IN IDIOPATIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease thought to be associated with obesity and rapid weight gain. There is no objective parameter with practical use in its follow-up and treatment other than optical coherence tomography. Objective: The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Methods: Serum vitamin B12, vitamin D, homocysteine, folic acid, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, CSF pressure, CSF microprotein levels were recorded from the file data of patients diagnosed with IIH. AIP was calculated by dividing the TG level logarithmically by HDL-C. Height (kg) and weight (kg) data of the patients were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Results: File data of 64 patients were examined. 8 patients with secondary intracranial hypertension were excluded from the study. 80.36% of the patients were overweight, 16.07% were obese, 3.57% were with normal weight. There was no significant correlation between vitamin B12, vitamin D, homocysteine, HDL-C and CSF microprotein levels and CSF pressure level in patients with a diagnosis of IIH. There was a negative correlation between folic acid level and CSF pressure level, and a positive correlation between BMI, TG, AIP and CSF pressure level. Conclusion: Using folic acid supplements and drugs that reduce TG levels can contribute positively to the course of the disease.

Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Morphological Changes in the Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Density and Biological Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Subjects with Moderate Obesity Undergoing a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

Weight loss after bariatric surgery decreases the earlier expansion of the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV), a biomarker of early atheromatous disease. However, no data are available regarding weight loss achieved by very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) on VV and lipid-based atherogenic indices. A randomized clinical trial was performed to examine changes in adventitial VV density in 20 patients with moderate obesity who underwent a 6-month very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD, 600–800 kcal/day), and 10 participants with hypocaloric diet based on the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet, estimated reduction of 500 kcal on the usual intake). Contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound was used to assess the VV. Body composition analysis was also used. The atherogenic index of plasma (log (triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio)) and the triglyceride-glucose index were calculated. Serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were measured. The impact of weight on quality of life-lite (IWQOL-Lite) questionnaire was administered. Participants of intervention groups displayed a similar VV values. Significant improvements of BMI (−5.3 [−6.9 to −3.6] kg/m2, p < 0.001), total body fat (−7.0 [−10.7 to −3.3] %, p = 0.003), and IWQOL-Lite score (−41.4 [−75.2 to −7.6], p = 0.027) were observed in VLCKD group in comparison with MedDiet group. Although after a 6-months follow-up period VV density (mean, right and left sides) did not change significantly in any group, participants in the VLCKD exhibited a significantly decrease both in their atherogenic index of plasma and serum concentration of sICAM-1. A 6-month intervention with VLCKD do not impact in the density of the adventitial VV in subjects with moderate obesity, but induces significant changes in markers of endothelial dysfunction and CV risk.

Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Coronary Artery Disease in the Adult Population: A Meta-Analysis

Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), which is the logarithm of the ratio between the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) concentrations in molar units, is correlated with the burden of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the AIP and coronary artery disease (CAD) in the adult population by performing a meta-analysis.Methods: Observational studies relevant for this meta-analysis were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Only studies using multivariate analysis were considered. A random-effects model, which incorporates potential intra-study heterogeneity, was applied to combine the results.Results: Ten observational studies were included. In studies with the AIP analyzed as a continuous variable, a higher AIP was associated with a higher odds of CAD (adjusted risk ratio [RR] per 1-standard deviation [SD] increment of AIP: 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–2.93, P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 90%). Further analysis of studies with the AIP analyzed as a categorical variable showed a higher odds of CAD (adjusted RR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.88–2.93, P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 37%) in the participants with the highest versus the lowest AIP value. Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent results in asymptomatic and symptomatic populations as well as in male and female participants (all between-group P values &gt; 0.05).Discussion: Current evidence, mostly from cross-sectional studies, suggests that a higher AIP value may be independently associated with CAD in the adult population.

Relationship between Atherogenic Index of Plasma with HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem due to an increasing prevalence and incidence. HbA1c as aparameter for glycemic control is still above the desired target of 7%. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) is predicted to be anindicator of cardiovascular disease risk in T2DM. Dyslipidemia in T2DM patients showed a result of increased triglycerideand decreased HDL cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the relationship between HbA1c and AIP, triglycerides,and HDL cholesterol in T2DM patients. An analytical observational study using a cross-sectional method on 74 DMT2patients who underwent HbA1c and lipid profile examinations in January-March 2020. Atherogenic index of plasma wascalculated by the logarithmic equation (triglycerides/HDL cholesterol). Data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0. The relationshipbetween HbA1c with AIP, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol using the Pearson correlation test. Atherogenic index of plasma(0.25±0.25) and triglycerides (211.92±146.09 mg/dL) were found to be higher in the poor glycemic control group (HbA1c> 7%) than AIP (-0.04±0.20) and triglycerides (108.96±38.96 mg/dL) in the good glycemic control group (p < 0.05). HDLcholesterol (40.08±12.64 mg/dL) was found to be higher in the poor glycemic control group than HDL cholesterol(52.28±18.12 mg/dL) in the good glycemic control group (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation betweenHbA1c and AIP (r=0.411, p=0.000), HbA1c with triglycerides (r=0.418, p=0.000), and a significant negative correlationbetween HbA1c and HDL cholesterol (r=-0.233, p=0.046). Insulin resistance can cause lipid metabolism disorders,inflammation, oxidative stress, and coagulation disorders. Maintaining glycemic control and lipid control plays an importantrole in preventing diabetes complications. There is a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and AIP, HbA1c andtriglycerides, and a significant negative correlation between HbA1c and total cholesterol in T2DM patients.

Plasma atherogenic indices are independent predictors of slow coronary flow

Background Although the pathophysiology of coronary slow flow (CSF) has not been fully elucidated, emerging data increasingly support potential role for subclinical diffuse atherosclerosis in the etiology of CSF. We aimed to investigate relationship between atherogenic indices and CSF. Methods 130 patients with CSF diagnosed according to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)-frame count (TFC) method and 130 controls who had normal coronary flow (NCF) were included in this retrospective study. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], Castelli risk indices I and II [CRI-I and II]) were calculated using conventional lipid parameters. Results The logistic regression analyses demonstrated that AIP (OR, 5.463; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.357–21.991; p = 0.017) and CRI-II (OR, 1.624; 95% CI, 1.138–2.319; p = 0.008) were independent predictors of CSF. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value to predict the occurrence of CSF was 0.66 for AIP (sensitivity, 59%; specificity, 73%; area under curve [AUC], 0.695; p < 0.001) and 3.27 for CRI-II (sensitivity, 60%; specificity, 79%; AUC, 0.726; p < 0.001). Conclusions AIP and CRI-II levels were independent predictors of CSF. Prospective studies in larger cohorts of patients may elucidate the role of atherogenic dyslipidemia in the pathophysiology of CSF.

Atherogenic index of plasma is an independent predictor of ultrasound-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among non-obese populations.

Background & Aims: Evidence regarding the association between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-obese populations is limited. Our study aimed to investigate whether AIP predicts NAFLD in non-obese Chinese populations.Methods: The present study was a population-based longitudinal study, including 16 173 non-obese participants who underwent health examinations in a tertiary hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. The primary outcome was developing NAFLD during the follow-up period. Results: The mean age of the included participants was 43.2 ± 15.0 years old, and about 52.5% of them were male. During the follow-up period, 2 322 of 16 173 (14.3%) participants developed NAFLD. In the fully-adjusted model, for every one standard deviation increased in AIP levels, the incidence of NAFLD increased by 52% (1.52, 95%CI 1.43, 1.60). The optimal cut-off point of AIP for incident NAFLD was 0.00 (receiver operator characteristic 0.76 [95% CI 0.75–0.77], sensitivity 0.68, specificity 0.72). Individuals with AIP values in the positive range had two-fold increased odds of developing NALFD compared with those with values in the negative range. After propensity score matching, for every one-SD increased in AIP levels, the incidence of NAFLD increased by 34% (HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.27, 1.41). Conclusion: AIP is an independent predictor of incident NAFLD among Chinese non-obese populations.

The Ten-Year Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease Among Public Health Workers In North-Central Nigeria Using Framingham And Atherogenic Index of Plasma Risk Scores

Background: Estimation of total cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with the use of risk prediction charts such as the Framingham risk score and Atherogenic index of plasma score is a huge improvement on the practice of identifying and treating each of the risk factors such as high blood pressure and elevated blood cholesterol. The estimation of the total risk highlights that CVD risk factors occur together and thereby predicts who should be treated. There is scarcity of data on the risk scoring of adults in Nigeria including health workers. Therefore, this study was done to estimate the cardiovascular risks of health workers in public health services in north-central NigeriaMethods: A cross-sectional survey was performed using validated Framingham risk score calculator and calculation of risk based on the lipid profile of 301 randomly selected health workers in North-central Nigeria. Descriptive analysis was done using frequency counts and percentages while inferential statistics were done using chi square and correlation analyses using statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The confidence level was 95% and the level of significance was set at 0.05.Results: The 10-year risk of developing CVD was generally low in the health workers. Using Framingham risk score, 98.3% of health workers have low risk, 1.0% have moderate risk and 0.7% have high risk. Among the cadres of health workers, 1.5% of the nurses have moderate risk while 2.5% of the doctors and 3.3% of the CHEWs have high risk of developing CVD in 10 years. Using Atherogenic index of plasma scoring, only 2% of the health workers have high risk, 4.7% have intermediate risk while 93.4% have low risk. Across the cadres, 6.3% of the nurses and 3.3% of the CHEWs have intermediate risk while 2.4% of the nurses and 3.3% of the CHEWs have high risk. These findings were however not statistically significant.Conclusions: the 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease was low in the health workers in this study using both Framingham’s risk score and atherogenic index of plasma scores