A study of epidermal leaf anatomy of 18 Euphorbia taxa from Kerman Province, Iran

Euphorbia is the largest genus of Euphorbiaceae widely distributed all over the world. The genus members grow naturally in different parts of Iran and nearly 96 species of Euphorbia have been listed in the country. Investigations show that the traits of foliar epidermis have taxonomic values. That is why the features of epidermal leaf anatomy of 18 Euphorbia taxa were studied in the present study. Plant samples were collected from Kerman Province, Iran, and identified using available references. Semi-permanent slides were prepared of adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis. Then the slides were studied using light microscopy and some epidermal leaf anatomy characteristics stomata types, trichomes, the shape and type of epidermal cell, and their walls were examined. Photomicrographs were taken from each sample. Results showed that stomata type were stable among the species. Not only leaf epidermal cell shapes differed between the taxa, but also in some species they varied between the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. These conditions hold true for cell wall patterns. Some of the studied taxa had simple and uniseriate trichomes on the epidermal surfaces, in most of them trichomes were present on both leaf surfaces, while in one species trichomes were seen on the abaxial surface. Our findings confirmed that some of the anatomical traits, such as the absence or presence of trichomes, epidermal cell shape, and anticlinal cell wall patterns had taxonomic value and are useful in the identification of taxa.

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Leaf epidermal anatomy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq sampled from selected areas in Gombe State, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v11i1.26 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 148-154

Author(s):

H.M. Abba ◽

A Abdullahi ◽

U.A. Yuguda

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Epidermal Cell ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Complex Type ◽

Stomatal Complex ◽

Stomatal Size ◽

Ipomoea Carnea ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Cell Shapes ◽

Epidermal Features

Leaf epidermal microscopy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq was studied to investigate the structure of the stomata and epidermal features which may be used for delimitation of the specie. Fresh leaves of Ipomoea carnea were obtained from five different LGA,S (Gombe, Y/deba, Balanga, Funakaye and Dukku ) in Gombe State, Nigeria. The specimens were studied under light microscope to examine the Stomatal features, Epidermal cell shapes and Anticlinal cell-wall patterns. It had the presence of amphistomatic leaves; one type of Stomatal complex type namely Cyclocytic. Accession 1 had the highest Stomatal Density (40.00 ± 1.00mm2) with lowest Stomatal size (51.13±7.47µm) on the Abaxial leaf surfaces while Accession 2 possessed lowest Stomatal density (23.40±7.67mm2) with highest Stomatal Size (88.68±1.95mm2) on the Adaxial leaf surfaces. Curved anticlinal cell wall patterns with polygonal epidermal cell shapes were also observed. It was concluded that the presence of Cylocytic type of stomata, with large stomatal sizes greatly helped in the delimitation of the plant and could also be used for classification /identification of the plant and some of the features such as trichomes could also be used for adaptation purposes.Keywords: Epidermal, Stomata, Ipomoea carnea, Cyclocytic, Trichomes

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Of puzzles and pavements: a quantitative exploration of leaf epidermal cell shape

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/nph.15461 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 221 (1) ◽

pp. 540-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Róza V. Vőfély ◽

Joseph Gallagher ◽

Grace D. Pisano ◽

Madelaine Bartlett ◽

Siobhan A. Braybrook

Keyword(s):

Epidermal Cell ◽

Cell Shape ◽

Leaf Epidermal Cell

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Molar Bud-to-Cap Transition Is Proliferation Independent

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034519869307 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (11) ◽

pp. 1253-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Yamada ◽

R. Lav ◽

J. Li ◽

A.S. Tucker ◽

J.B.A. Green

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cell Shape ◽

Tooth Germ ◽

Odontogenic Epithelium ◽

Differential Cell ◽

Cell Shapes ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Cell Trajectory ◽

Tooth Germs ◽

Different Parts

Tooth germs undergo a series of dynamic morphologic changes through bud, cap, and bell stages, in which odontogenic epithelium continuously extends into the underlying mesenchyme. During the transition from the bud stage to the cap stage, the base of the bud flattens and then bends into a cap shape whose edges are referred to as “cervical loops.” Although genetic mechanisms for cap formation have been well described, little is understood about the morphogenetic mechanisms. Computer modeling and cell trajectory tracking have suggested that the epithelial bending is driven purely by differential cell proliferation and adhesion in different parts of the tooth germ. Here, we show that, unexpectedly, inhibition of cell proliferation did not prevent bud-to-cap morphogenesis. We quantified cell shapes and actin and myosin distributions in different parts of the tooth epithelium at the critical stages and found that these are consistent with basal relaxation in the forming cervical loops and basal constriction around enamel knot at the center of the cap. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase, which is required for basal constriction in other systems, arrested the molar explant morphogenesis at the bud stage. Together, these results show that the bud-to-cap transition is largely proliferation independent, and we propose that it is driven by classic actomyosin-driven cell shape–dependent mechanisms. We discuss how these results can be reconciled with the previous models and data.

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Leaf Anatomy of Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis, Araucariaceae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt98019 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 795 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Geoffrey E. Burrows ◽

Suzanne Bullock

Keyword(s):

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Microscope Level ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Spongy Mesophyll ◽

Oblique Orientation ◽

Adult Morphology ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Resin Canals

Leaves of adult morphology from Wollemi pine(Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen)possess a thick cuticle, sunken stomata, abundant hypodermal fibres, distinctpalisade and spongy mesophyll with most palisade development on the adaxialside, compartmented cells, resin canals, sclereids, and vascular bundles withtransfusion tissue and a fibre cap abaxial to the phloem. Stomata are presenton both leaf surfaces, although in greater density on the abaxial surface, andusually have an oblique orientation and four or five subsidiary cells. At thelight microscope level, Araucaria can be distinguishedfrom Agathis as it possesses unusual compartmented cellsin the mesophyll, while Agathis does not. In addition,most Agathis species are hypostomatic, while mostAraucaria species have stomata on both the abaxial andadaxial surfaces. Thus W. nobilis has a leaf anatomywhich has a greater similarity to Araucaria than toAgathis.

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Light and electron microscopy of the spermogonial stage of Gymnoconia peckiana, one of the causes of orange rust of Rubus

Botany ◽

10.1139/b08-011 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 533-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charles W. Mims ◽

Elizabeth A. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Epidermal Cell ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Wall Material ◽

Cell Wall Material ◽

Leaf Epidermis ◽

Single Nucleus ◽

Epidermal Cell Wall

Hyphae of Gymnoconia peckiana (Howe in Peck) Trotter spread from infected Rubus argutus Link. stems into leaf primordia where they proliferated in an intercellular fashion as leaves differentiated. Hyphae were septate, and each compartment appeared to contain a single nucleus. Hyphae gave rise to numerous haustoria that resembled the monokaryotic haustoria of other rust fungi. Hyphae located immediately adjacent to the upper and lower leaf epidermis gave rise to spermogonial initials. Each initial consisted of a small group of tightly packed hyphae that developed in an intercellular space adjacent to the epidermis. As an initial enlarged, the proliferating hyphae pushed their way between, as well as into, epidermal cells. Invaded epidermal cells soon died. A layer of spermatiophores then developed within each young spermogonium and appeared to push the epidermal cell wall material and leaf cuticle covering the spermogonium out from the leaf surface. Once mature, spermatiophores gave rise to a succession of uninucleate spermatia that emerged from the tip of each spermatiophore. Spermatia initially accumulated beneath the layer of epidermal cell wall material and cuticle that covered the developing spermogonium and appeared to push this layer further out from the leaf surface until it ruptured. A few receptive hyphae were observed in mature spermogonia.

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Adding a Piece to the Leaf Epidermal Cell Shape Puzzle

Developmental Cell ◽

10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 255-256

Author(s):

Daniel von Wangenheim ◽

Darren M. Wells ◽

Malcolm J. Bennett

Keyword(s):

Epidermal Cell ◽

Cell Shape ◽

Leaf Epidermal Cell

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Recent advances in understanding how rod-like bacteria stably maintain their cell shapes

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.12663.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 241 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sven van Teeffelen ◽

Lars D. Renner

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Shape ◽

Theoretical Work ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Mechanical Forces ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Cell Shapes ◽

Shape And Size ◽

Cell Wall Expansion

Cell shape and cell volume are important for many bacterial functions. In recent years, we have seen a range of experimental and theoretical work that led to a better understanding of the determinants of cell shape and size. The roles of different molecular machineries for cell-wall expansion have been detailed and partially redefined, mechanical forces have been shown to influence cell shape, and new connections between metabolism and cell shape have been proposed. Yet the fundamental determinants of the different cellular dimensions remain to be identified. Here, we highlight some of the recent developments and focus on the determinants of rod-like cell shape and size in the well-studied model organismsEscherichia coliandBacillus subtilis.

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Pigment Distribution and Epidermal Cell Shape in Dendrobium Species and Hybrids

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.38.4.573 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 573-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rasika G. Mudalige ◽

Adelheid R. Kuehnle ◽

Teresita D. Amore

Keyword(s):

Epidermal Cell ◽

Cell Shape ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Color Intensity ◽

Visual Texture ◽

Intensity Perception ◽

Cell Layers ◽

Cell Shapes ◽

Pigment Distribution

Perianths of 34 Dendrobium Sw. species and hybrids were examined to elucidate the roles of pigment distribution and shape of upper epidermal cells in determining color intensity, perception, and visual texture. Color intensity was determined by the spatial localization of anthocyanin in tissue layers, i.e., in the epidermal, subepidermal, and mesophyll layers, as well as by distribution of pigmented cells within the tissue layer. Anthocyanins were confined to the epidermal layer or subepidermal layer in flowers with low color intensity, whereas they were also in several layers of mesophyll in more intensely colored flowers. Striped patterns on the perianth were due to the restriction of pigment to cells surrounding the vascular bundles. Color perception is influenced by the presence or absence of carotenoids, which when present, were distributed in all cell layers. Anthocyanins in combination with carotenoids resulted in a variety of flower colors ranging from red, maroon, bronze to brown, depending on the relative location of the two pigments. Four types of epidermal cell shapes were identified in Dendrobium flowers: flat, dome, elongated dome, and papillate. Epidermal cell shape and cell packing in the mesophyll affected the visual texture. Petals and sepals with flat cells and a tightly packed mesophyll had a glossy texture, whereas dome cells and loosely packed mesophyll contributed a velvety texture. The labella in the majority of flowers examined had a complex epidermis with more than one epidermal cell shape, predominantly papillate epidermal cells.

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Of puzzles and pavements: a quantitative exploration of leaf epidermal cell shape

10.1101/361717 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Róza V. Vőfély ◽

Joseph Gallagher ◽

Grace D. Pisano ◽

Madelaine Bartlett ◽

Siobhan A. Braybrook

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Cell Shape ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Pavement Cell ◽

Pavement Cells ◽

Stomatal Complexes ◽

Leaf Epidermal Cell ◽

Cell Shapes

SummaryThe epidermal cells of leaves lend themselves readily to observation and display many shapes and types: tabular pavement cells, complex trichomes, and stomatal complexes1. Pavement cells fromZea mays(maize) andArabidopsis thaliana(arabidopsis) both have highly undulate anticlinal walls and are held as representative of monocots and eudicots, respectively. In these two model species, we have a nuanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms that generate undulating pavement cell shape2–9. This model-system dominance has led to two common assumptions: first, that particular plant lineages are characterized by particular pavement cell shapes; and second, that undulatory pavement cell shapes are common enough to be model shapes. To test these assumptions, we quantified pavement cell shape in the leaves of 278 vascular plant taxa and assessed cell shape metrics across large taxonomic groups. We settled on two metrics that described cell shape diversity well in this dataset: aspect ratio (degree of cell elongation) and solidity (a proxy for margin undulation). We found that pavement cells in the monocots tended to have weakly undulating margins, pavement cells in ferns had strongly undulating margins, and pavement cells in the eudicots showed no particular degree of undulation. Indeed, we found that cells with strongly undulating margins, like those of arabidopsis and maize, were in the minority in seed plants. At the organ level, we found a trend towards cells with more undulating margins on the abaxial leaf surface vs. the adaxial surface. We also detected a correlation between cell and leaf aspect ratio: highly elongated leaves tended to have highly elongated cells (low aspect ratio), but not in the eudicots. This indicates that while plant anatomy and plant morphology can be connected, superficially similar leaves can develop through very different underlying growth dynamics (cell expansion and division patterns). This work reveals the striking diversity of pavement cell shapes across vascular plants, and lays the quantitative groundwork for testing hypotheses about pavement cell form and function.

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Two new species of Eriope (Lamiaceae) from Goiás state, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.291.4.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 291 (4) ◽

pp. 264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MARCOS AUGUSTO SCHLIEWE ◽

HELENO DIAS FERREIRA ◽

MARIA HELENA REZENDE ◽

DALVA GRACIANO-RIBEIRO

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Marginal Vein ◽

Leaf Epidermis ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Two New Species

Eriope harleyi and E. paradise, two new plant species from central Brazil, are described and illustrated. Eriope harleyi is similar to E. crassipes, but differs in the presence of ovate or orbicular leaves, leaf size (1.8–2.5 × 1.2–1.8 cm), length of petiole (0.15–0.35 cm), presence of bracteoles in the pseudopedicel base and marginal vein fimbriate in E. harleyi (versus lanceolate-elliptic leaf, leaf size (4.0–7.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm), length of petiole (0.50–1.50 cm), and the absence of bracteoles in the pseudopedicel base and marginal vein in arches). Eriope paradise is similar to E. complicata but this new species does not have prominent tertiary veins on its abaxial surface nor bracteoles in the pseudopedicel base, and has inflorescences forming a monothyrse (versus prominent tertiary veins in abaxial face, presence of bracteoles in pseudopedicel base and inflorescence in diplothyrse). Presence of a hypoderm, stomata on both faces of the leaf epidermis, and straight or sinuous contour of the anticlinal walls of leaf epidermal cells are all examples of characteristics of leaf anatomy used for the establishment of this new taxa. Data about the habitat, phenology, conservation status, and geographic location are also presented.

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