128. Study of Measurement of Length of Lower Limb Bones Using X-ray TV : 2nd report : Slit width

Background: Body composition is important for health screening, but appropriate methods for unilateral lower extremity amputees have not been validated. Objectives: To compare body mass index adjusted using Amputee Coalition equations (body mass index–Amputee Coalition) to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in unilateral lower limb amputees. Study design: Cross-sectional, experimental. Methods: Thirty-eight men and women with lower limb amputations (transfemoral, transtibial, hip disarticulation, Symes) participated. Body mass index (mass/height2) was compared to body mass index corrected for limb loss (body mass index–Amputee Coalition). Accuracy of classification and extrapolation of percent body fat with body mass index was compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Body mass index–Amputee Coalition increased body mass index (by ~ 1.1 kg/m2) but underestimated and mis-classified 60% of obese and overestimated 100% of lean individuals according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Estimated mean percent body fat (95% confidence interval) from body mass index–Amputee Coalition (28.3% (24.9%, 31.7%)) was similar to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry percent body fat (29.5% (25.2%, 33.7%)) but both were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) than percent body fat estimated from uncorrected body mass index (23.6% (20.4%, 26.8%)). However, total errors for body mass index and body mass index–Amputee Coalition converted to percent body fat were unacceptably large (standard error of the estimate = 6.8%, 6.2% body fat) and the discrepancy between both methods and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was inversely related ( r = −0.59 and r = −0.66, p < 0.05) to the individual’s level of body fatness. Conclusions: Body mass index (despite correction) underestimates health risk for obese patients and overestimates lean, muscular individuals with lower limb amputation. Clinical relevance Clinical recommendations for an ideal body mass based on body mass index–Amputee Coalition should not be relied upon in lower extremity amputees. This is of particular concern for obese lower extremity amputees whose health risk might be significantly underestimated based on body mass index despite a “correction” formula for limb loss.

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NEXT AND LONG-TERM RESULTS OF X-RAY ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CRITICAL ATHERODIABETIC ISCHEMIA OF LOWER EXTREMITIES

Journal of the Grodno State Medical University ◽

10.25298/2221-8785-2020-18-6-710-715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 710-715

Author(s):

N. N. Ioskevich ◽

◽

L. F. Vasilchuk ◽

P. E. Vankovich ◽

S. P. Antonenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Limb Ischemia ◽

Type I ◽

Critical Ischemia ◽

Lower Limb Ischemia ◽

X Ray ◽

Endovascular Interventions

Background. The treatment of chronic critical ischemia of the lower extremities with their combined atherodiabetic lesion is one of the far from the resolved problems of modern surgery. Aim of the study. Analysis of the results of X-ray endovascular interventions in patients with critical lower limb ischemia due to atherodiabetic lesions of the femoral-popliteal-tibial segment. Material and methods. We analyzed the results of REVS in 60 patients with diabetes mellitus with critical ischemia of the lower extremities due to infra-anginal atherosclerotic occlusions with a follow-up period of up to 5 years from the moment of the manipulation. Results. The total shelf life of the lower limb after REVV was 492.4 ± 10.1 days. Out of 26 amputations performed, balloon angioplasty was performed in 18 cases and stenting in 8 cases. In individuals with type I diabetes, the duration of painless period was 415.4 ± 5.1 days, and the total shelf life of the leg was 465.4 ± 4.3 days. In type II diabetes, these indicators were, respectively, 181.4 ± 4.4 days and 317.8 ± 6.7 days. In the group of patients with type I diabetes, the lower limb was saved in 55.6% of cases (in 20 out of 36 patients), and in type II diabetes - in 58.3% (in 14 out of 24 people). Conclusions. The presence of simultaneously obliterating atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus in patients leads to a combined atherodiabetic lesion of the arterial bed, including infra-anginal arteries. X-ray endovascular interventions (balloon angioplasty and stenting) on the arterial femoral-popliteal-tibial segment are a rather effective method of eliminating chronic critical lower limb ischemia, which allows preserving the lower limb in 56.7% patients with a follow-up period of up to 5 years from the date of surgery. Improving the results of X-ray endovascular interventions in case of chronic critical atherodiabetic lower limb ischemia requires a comprehensive study of the possible causes of occlusions of reconstructed arterial segments (blood coagulation potential, non-optimal processes in the intervention zone).

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Thermo-and-algesthesia condition in patients suffered from vitamin D-resistant rickets with multiplanar deformities of the lower limb bones

Genij Ortopedii ◽

10.18019/1028-4427-2016-1-80-84 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 80-84

Author(s):

E.N. Shchurova ◽

◽

A.V. Popkov ◽

A.Ia. Korkin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Limb Bones ◽

Vitamin D Resistant Rickets ◽

Resistant Rickets

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RESEARCH REGARDING CAD MODELING OF THE HUMAN LOWER LIMB BONES

ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle of Management and Technological Engineering ◽

10.15660/auofmte.2013-1.2793 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol XXII (XII), 2013/1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elena-Iulia HUZU ◽

Ioana COFARU ◽

Nicolae COFARU

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Cad Modeling ◽

Limb Bones

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Anatomical axis validation of lower extremity for different deformities: A radiological study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120923822 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212092382

Author(s):

Meric Unal ◽

Sabriye Ercan ◽

Aydin Budeyri ◽

Uğur Toprak ◽

Abdülkerim Şalkaci

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Mechanical Axis ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Knee Alignment ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

X Ray ◽

The Past ◽

Radiology Assistant ◽

Anatomical Axis

Aim: The aim of this study was to derive a pure, unbiased, reliable and accurate objective relationship between the local knee axis measurements through a short knee anteroposterior roentgenogram and the lower limb axis measurement through an orthoroentgenogram. Patients and Methods: Radiographs of 114 patients (114 knees) were evaluated by two independent raters for measurement of lower limb axis on an orthoroentgenogram and the local knee axis on short knee anteroposterior X-ray, which was derived by cropping the orthoroentgenogram by a blinded radiology assistant. The raters measured at two different time-points separated by an interval of 30-day period. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities were calculated by intra-class correlation coefficients and three models were built to establish the relationships of X-ray anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram anatomical axis, orthoroentgenogram anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram mechanical axis and X-ray anatomical axis with orthoroentgenogram mechanical axis. Results: For three different measurements, intra-class correlation coefficients of Rater 2 were higher than 0.90 which shows perfect reliability, while that for Rater 1 was low. Furthermore, first measurements were more consistent than the second measurement. There was a strong positive correlation in all the three models except for varus cases in the last. Conclusion: The standardized correlation derived between the two different techniques for measuring knee alignment is fairly comparable with the studies in the past and would serve as a reliable template for future studies concerning relationships between the two, in addition to helping knee surgeons make more reliable and accurate interpretations through local knee axis measurements.

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The Long Limb Bones of the StW 573 Australopithecus Skeleton from Sterkfontein Member 2: Descriptions and Proportions

10.1101/497636 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jason L. Heaton ◽

Travis Rayne Pickering ◽

Kristian J. Carlson ◽

Robin H. Crompton ◽

Tea Jashashvili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Homo Sapiens ◽

Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Limb Bones ◽

Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Climbing Ability ◽

Early Hominin ◽

Allometric Analysis ◽

Two Stages ◽

Limb Proportions

Due to its completeness, the A.L. 288-1 (Lucy) skeleton has long served as the archetypal bipedal Australopithecus. However, there remains considerable debate about its limb proportions. There are three competing, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, explanations for the high humerofemoral index of A.L. 288-1: (1) a retention of proportions from an Ardipithecus-like most recent common ancestor (MRCA); (2) indication of some degree of climbing ability; (3) allometry. Recent discoveries of other partial skeletons of Australopithecus, such as those of A. sediba (MH1 and MH2) and A. afarensis (KSD-VP-1/1 and DIK-1/1), have provided new opportunities to test hypotheses of early hominin body size and limb proportions. Yet, no early hominin is as complete (>90%), as is the 3.67 Ma Little Foot (StW 573) specimen, from Sterkfontein Member 2. Here, we provide the first descriptions of its upper and lower long limb bones, as well as a comparative context of its limb proportions. As to the latter, we found that StW 573 possesses absolutely longer limb lengths than A.L. 288-1, but both skeletons show similar limb proportions. This finding seems to argue against an allometric explanation for the limb proportions of A.L. 288-1. In fact, our multivariate allometric analysis suggests that limb lengths of Australopithecus, as represented by StW 573 and A.L. 288-1, developed along a significantly different (p < 0.001) allometric scale than that which typifies modern humans and African apes. Our analyses also suggest, as have those of others, that hominin limb evolution occurred in two stages with: (1) a modest increase in lower limb length and a concurrent shortening of the antebrachium between Ardipithecus and Australopithecus, followed by (2) considerable lengthening of the lower limb along with a decrease of both upper limb elements occurring between Australopithecus and Homo sapiens.

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