Survey and Analysis of Radiation Safety Management Systems at Medical Institutions : Initial Report : Radiation Protection Supervisor, Radiation Safety Organization, and Education and Training

Control of the radiation safety of workers is the one of the principal tasks of regulatory bodies responsible for the radiation safety and protection. This task is solved through the implementation of a set of organizational and technical measures, including:1) Organization and the execution of radiation monitoring; 2) Prediction of exposure doses to workers; 3) Selection of workers for the execution of radiation hazardous operations including emergency remedial works; 4) Planning of activities to implement the principle of the optimization of radiation protection; 6) Development and establishment of reference levels of exposure to radiation factors; 5) Organization of education and training of the personnel; 7) Continuous improvement of the occupational safety culture etc. The paper describes main actions of the management of radiation facilities aimed at the implementation of the above mentioned measures. Special attention is paid to the selection of the personnel of the required qualifications, possessing a sufficient reserve of an individual dose, to carry out radiation hazardous operations, to predict radiation doses to justify the development of the necessary protective measures and to plan actions to implement the principle of optimization of the radiation protection. The active use of the computer information and analytical system for the management of the protection from the occupational radiation is recommended. This system should include: 1. Database of individual occupational doses; 2. Database of radiation parameters characterizing the situation in workshops and at the industrial site of the radiation facility; 3. Software package for education and training of the personnel. The making of managerial decisions for the radiation protection of the personnel is aimed at increasing in the occupational reliability and, ultimately, improving the safety of radiation facilities, maintaining health and increasing the professional longevity of workers.

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SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING IN FLIGHT SCHOOLS: A PROACTIVE TOOL FOR MANAGEMENT THREATS AND RISKS

Journal of Air Transport Studies ◽

10.38008/jats.v4i1.87 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 89-104

Author(s):

Ana Maria Vieira

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Social Skills Training ◽

Interpersonal Skills ◽

Safety Management ◽

Training Programs ◽

Skills Training ◽

Management Systems ◽

Safety Management Systems ◽

Interpersonal Situations ◽

And Training

Safety Management Systems in aviation generate training programs that develop skills needed to perform safety functions. The objective of this study is to show that, in groups, individuals need to have interpersonal skills and, in particular, ability to communicate with others, to listen, and to influence. It is for this reason that Social Skills Training is important in Aviation. Professionals trained in social skills are more likely to identify threats and risks caused by interpersonal situations, be assertive, and take appropriate action. As a contribution, this paper suggests a set of policies, procedures and practices for educating and training future professionals who will work in aviation safety.

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Integrating Safety-II into Safety Management

10.3218/4023-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Toni Wäfler ◽

Rahel Gugerli ◽

Giulio Nisoli

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Safety Factor ◽

Safety Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Safety Management Systems ◽

Safety Science ◽

Human Failure ◽

The Given ◽

Freedom Of Action

We all aim for safe processes. However, providing safety is a complex endeavour. What is it that makes a process safe? And what is the contribution of humans? It is very common to consider humans a risk factor prone to errors. Therefore, we implement sophisticated safety management systems (SMS) in order to prevent potential "human failure". These SMS provide an impressive increase of safety. In safety science this approach is labelled "Safety-I", and it starts to be questioned because humans do not show failures only. On the contrary, they often actively contribute to safety, sometimes even by deviating from a procedure. This "Safety-II" perspective considers humans to be a "safety factor" as well because of their ability to adjust behaviour to the given situation. However, adaptability requires scope of action and this is where Safety-I and Safety-II contradict each other. While the former restricts freedom of action, the latter requires room for manoeuvring. Thus, the task of integrating the Safety-II perspective into SMS, which are traditionally Safety-I based, is difficult. This challenge was the main objective of our project. We discovered two methods that contribute to the quality of SMS by integrating Safety-II into SMS without jeopardizing the Safety-I approach.

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