Microlitter in arctic marine benthic food chains and potential effects on sediment dwelling fauna

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Granberg ◽  
Lisa Winberg von Friesen ◽  
Amalie Ask ◽  
France Collard ◽  
Kerstin Magnusson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chains ◽  
Benthic Food

Risk of Epibenthic Prey to Predation by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Benthic Food

A model is developed to describe the risk of aquatic prey to visual predators in general, and is evaluated with particular reference to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The equation system uses several principles of visual mechanics to determine predation rates and therefore requires statistics on the physical properties of the food resource, besides the visual acuity and other searching constraints of the predator.Application of the model to an independent set of field data accounted for 47% of the seasonal variation in the occurrence of four benthic invertebrate prey in the diet of trout from Marion Lake, B.C. Considerably better agreement — 70% of the variation — was obtained using a three prey system. Sequential comparisons between the predicted and observed pattern of predation suggest that prey activity, prey exposure, prey density, and prey size are four of the major determinants of prey risk in benthic food chains.

5. Food chains to fish

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Warwick F. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
Benthic Food Webs ◽  
Lake Waters

‘Food chains to fish’ considers the nature of pelagic and benthic food webs and the coupling between them. Life at the bottom of lakes in the benthic zone is mostly made up of worms, molluscs, and amphipods. In the open lake waters, three groups of zooplankton play a leading role in the transfer of carbon and energy from the base of the food web (phytoplankton and bacteria) to pelagic fish: rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods. Although certain fish species remain within specific zones of the lake, others swim between zones and access multiple habitats. The tracking of elements through the food chain can help understand the impacts of chemical pollution.

Factors regulating benthic food chains in tropical river deltas and adjacent shelf areas

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Alongi ◽  
A. I. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Food Chains ◽  
Tropical River ◽  
River Deltas ◽  
Benthic Food

Silicon Substitution for Calcium in the Shell of the Fingernail Clam, Musculium Transversum Studied By X-Ray Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
Judith A. Murphy ◽  
Anthony Paparo ◽  
Richard Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
River Water ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molluscan Shell ◽  
Fingernail Clams

Fingernail clams (Muscu1ium transversum) are dominant bottom-dwelling animals in some waters of the midwest U.S. These organisms are key links in food chains leading from nutrients in water and mud to fish and ducks which are utilized by man. In the mid-1950’s, fingernail clams disappeared from a 100-mile section of the Illinois R., a tributary of the Mississippi R. Some factor(s) in the river and/or sediment currently prevent clams from recolonizing areas where they were formerly abundant. Recently, clams developed shell deformities and died without reproducing. The greatest mortality and highest incidence of shell deformities appeared in test chambers containing the highest proportion of river water to well water. The molluscan shell consists of CaCO3, and the tissue concerned in its secretion is the mantle. The source of the carbonate is probably from metabolic CO2 and the maintenance of ionized Ca concentration in the mantle is controlled by carbonic anhydrase. The Ca is stored in extracellular concentric spherical granules(0.6-5.5μm) which represent a large amount of inertCa in the mantle. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of raw river water and well water on shell formation in the fingernail clam.

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