Modeling bioaccumulation in coupled pelagic-benthic food chains: Past insights and future directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.F. Parkerton ◽  
J.P. Connolly
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Granberg ◽  
Lisa Winberg von Friesen ◽  
Amalie Ask ◽  
France Collard ◽  
Kerstin Magnusson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ware

A model is developed to describe the risk of aquatic prey to visual predators in general, and is evaluated with particular reference to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The equation system uses several principles of visual mechanics to determine predation rates and therefore requires statistics on the physical properties of the food resource, besides the visual acuity and other searching constraints of the predator.Application of the model to an independent set of field data accounted for 47% of the seasonal variation in the occurrence of four benthic invertebrate prey in the diet of trout from Marion Lake, B.C. Considerably better agreement — 70% of the variation — was obtained using a three prey system. Sequential comparisons between the predicted and observed pattern of predation suggest that prey activity, prey exposure, prey density, and prey size are four of the major determinants of prey risk in benthic food chains.


Author(s):  
Warwick F. Vincent

‘Food chains to fish’ considers the nature of pelagic and benthic food webs and the coupling between them. Life at the bottom of lakes in the benthic zone is mostly made up of worms, molluscs, and amphipods. In the open lake waters, three groups of zooplankton play a leading role in the transfer of carbon and energy from the base of the food web (phytoplankton and bacteria) to pelagic fish: rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods. Although certain fish species remain within specific zones of the lake, others swim between zones and access multiple habitats. The tracking of elements through the food chain can help understand the impacts of chemical pollution.


1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Alongi ◽  
A. I. Robertson

Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.


Author(s):  
Judith A. Murphy ◽  
Anthony Paparo ◽  
Richard Sparks

Fingernail clams (Muscu1ium transversum) are dominant bottom-dwelling animals in some waters of the midwest U.S. These organisms are key links in food chains leading from nutrients in water and mud to fish and ducks which are utilized by man. In the mid-1950’s, fingernail clams disappeared from a 100-mile section of the Illinois R., a tributary of the Mississippi R. Some factor(s) in the river and/or sediment currently prevent clams from recolonizing areas where they were formerly abundant. Recently, clams developed shell deformities and died without reproducing. The greatest mortality and highest incidence of shell deformities appeared in test chambers containing the highest proportion of river water to well water. The molluscan shell consists of CaCO3, and the tissue concerned in its secretion is the mantle. The source of the carbonate is probably from metabolic CO2 and the maintenance of ionized Ca concentration in the mantle is controlled by carbonic anhydrase. The Ca is stored in extracellular concentric spherical granules(0.6-5.5μm) which represent a large amount of inertCa in the mantle. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of raw river water and well water on shell formation in the fingernail clam.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-894
Author(s):  
Nur Azyani Amri ◽  
Tian Kar Quar ◽  
Foong Yen Chong

Purpose This study examined the current pediatric amplification practice with an emphasis on hearing aid verification using probe microphone measurement (PMM), among audiologists in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Frequency of practice, access to PMM system, practiced protocols, barriers, and perception toward the benefits of PMM were identified through a survey. Method A questionnaire was distributed to and filled in by the audiologists who provided pediatric amplification service in Klang Valley, Malaysia. One hundred eight ( N = 108) audiologists, composed of 90.3% women and 9.7% men (age range: 23–48 years), participated in the survey. Results PMM was not a clinical routine practiced by a majority of the audiologists, despite its recognition as the best clinical practice that should be incorporated into protocols for fitting hearing aids in children. Variations in practice existed warranting further steps to improve the current practice for children with hearing impairment. The lack of access to PMM equipment was 1 major barrier for the audiologists to practice real-ear verification. Practitioners' characteristics such as time constraints, low confidence, and knowledge levels were also identified as barriers that impede the uptake of the evidence-based practice. Conclusions The implementation of PMM in clinical practice remains a challenge to the audiology profession. A knowledge-transfer approach that takes into consideration the barriers and involves effective collaboration or engagement between the knowledge providers and potential stakeholders is required to promote the clinical application of evidence-based best practice.


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