scholarly journals POSTURAL CONTROL OF THE VISUALLY HANDICAPPED IN MAINTAINING THE UPRIGHT STANDING POSTURE

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
YUTAKA TANIMURA ◽  
HIDEO NAKATA ◽  
TETSUU KUROKAWA ◽  
MASAO SEO ◽  
YASUMASA SATO
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Upright Standing ◽  
Visually Handicapped

scholarly journals Characteristics of Standing Postural Control in Women under Additional Load

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Bożena Wojciechowska-Maszkowska ◽  
Dorota Borzucka
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Additional Load ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Load Conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional load on postural-stability control in young women. To evaluate postural control in the 34 women in this study (mean age, 20.8 years), we measured postural sway (center of pressure, COP) in a neutral stance (with eyes open) in three trials of 30 s each. Three load conditions were used in the study: 0, 14, and 30 kg. In analysis, we used three COP parameters, variability (linear), mean sway velocity (linear), and entropy (nonlinear). Results suggested that a considerable load on a young woman’s body (approximately 48% of body weight) had significant influence on stability. Specifically, heavy loads triggered random movements, increased the dynamics of postural-stability control, and required more attention to control standing posture. The results of our study indicate that inferior postural control mainly results from insufficient experience in lifting such a load.

ADJUSTMENTS OF UPRIGHT STANDING POSTURE TO ROTATIONAL PERTURBATION OF THE TRUNK

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. S701
Author(s):  
Y. Yamazaki ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
M. Suzuki ◽  
T. Ohkuwa ◽  
H. Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Standing Posture ◽  
Rotational Perturbation ◽  
Upright Standing

Control of upright standing posture during low-frequency linear oscillation

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Kawakami ◽  
H Sudoh ◽  
Y Koike ◽  
S Mori ◽  
G Sobue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Upright Standing ◽  
Linear Oscillation

scholarly journals Relation between postural sway magnitude and metabolic energy cost during upright standing on a compliant surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Houdijk ◽  
Starr E. Brown ◽  
Jaap H. van Dieën
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Upright Standing

Postural control performance is often described in terms of postural sway magnitude, assuming that lower sway magnitude reflects better performance. However, people do not typically minimize sway magnitude when performing a postural control task. Possibly, other criteria are satisfied when people select the amount of sway they do. Minimal metabolic cost has been suggested as such a criterion. The aim of this study was to experimentally test the relation between sway magnitude and metabolic cost to establish whether metabolic cost could be a potential optimization criterion in postural control. Nineteen healthy subjects engaged in two experiments in which different magnitudes of sway were evoked during upright standing on a foam surface while metabolic energy expenditure, center of pressure (CoP) excursion, and muscle activation were recorded. In one experiment, sway was manipulated by visual feedback of CoP excursion. The other experiment involved verbal instructions of standing still, natural or relaxed. In both experiments, metabolic cost changed with sway magnitude in an asymmetric parabolic fashion, with a minimum around self-selected sway magnitudes and a larger increase at small compared with large sway magnitudes. This metabolic response was paralleled by a change in tonic and phasic EMG activity in the major leg muscles. It is concluded that these results are in line with the notion that metabolic cost can be an optimization criterion used to set postural control and as such could account for the magnitude of naturally occurring postural sway in healthy individuals, although the pathway remains to be elucidated.

Efficient ZMP Formulation and Effective Whole-Body Motion Generation for a Human-Like Mechanism

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo H. Kim ◽  
Yujiang Xiang ◽  
Rajankumar Bhatt ◽  
Jingzhou Yang ◽  
Hyun-Joon Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Upright Standing ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Zero Moment ◽  
Physics Based Simulation

An approach of generating dynamic biped motions of a human-like mechanism is proposed. An alternative and efficient formulation of the Zero-Moment Point for dynamic balance and the approximated ground reaction forces/moments are derived from the resultant reaction loads, which includes the gravity, the externally applied loads, and the inertia. The optimization problem is formulated to address the redundancy of the human task, where the general biped and task-specific constraints are imposed depending on the task requirements. The proposed method is fully predictive and generates physically feasible human-like motions from scratch; it does not require any input reference from motion capture or animation. The resulting generated motions demonstrate how a human-like mechanism reacts effectively to different external load conditions in performing a given task by showing realistic features of cause and effect. In addition, the energy-optimality of the upright standing posture is numerically verified among infinite feasible static biped postures without self contact. The proposed formulation is beneficial to motion planning, control, and physics-based simulation of humanoids and human models.

scholarly journals A shared neural integrator for human posture control

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 894-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Haggerty ◽  
A. R. Wu ◽  
K. H. Sienko ◽  
A. D. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Posture Control ◽  
Neural Integrator ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Human Posture ◽  
Postural Responses

Control of standing posture requires fusion of multiple inputs including visual, vestibular, somatosensory, and other sensors, each having distinct dynamics. We propose that postural control also entails a shared neural integrator. To test this theory, we perturbed standing subjects with classic sensory stimuli (optokinetic and galvanic vestibular stimulation) and found that our proposed shared filter reproduces the dynamics of subjects’ postural responses.

scholarly journals Trial-to-trial adaptation in control of arm reaching and standing posture

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 2936-2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Pienciak-Siewert ◽  
Dylan P. Horan ◽  
Alaa A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Arm Reaching ◽  
Error Magnitude ◽  
Sensory Uncertainty ◽  
The Relationship

Classical theories of motor learning hypothesize that adaptation is driven by sensorimotor error; this is supported by studies of arm and eye movements that have shown that trial-to-trial adaptation increases with error. Studies of postural control have shown that anticipatory postural adjustments increase with the magnitude of a perturbation. However, differences in adaptation have been observed between the two modalities, possibly due to either the inherent instability or sensory uncertainty in standing posture. Therefore, we hypothesized that trial-to-trial adaptation in posture should be driven by error, similar to what is observed in arm reaching, but the nature of the relationship between error and adaptation may differ. Here we investigated trial-to-trial adaptation of arm reaching and postural control concurrently; subjects made reaching movements in a novel dynamic environment of varying strengths, while standing and holding the handle of a force-generating robotic arm. We found that error and adaptation increased with perturbation strength in both arm and posture. Furthermore, in both modalities, adaptation showed a significant correlation with error magnitude. Our results indicate that adaptation scales proportionally with error in the arm and near proportionally in posture. In posture only, adaptation was not sensitive to small error sizes, which were similar in size to errors experienced in unperturbed baseline movements due to inherent variability. This finding may be explained as an effect of uncertainty about the source of small errors. Our findings suggest that in rehabilitation, postural error size should be considered relative to the magnitude of inherent movement variability.

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