scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF ANIONIC CADMIUM COMPLEXES WITH ORGANIC SOLUTIONS OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Yulia I. Matyushkina ◽  
Alexandr A. Shabarin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Cadmium Complexes ◽  
Iodide Ions ◽  
Anionic Complexes

The anion-exchange extraction of thiocyanate, chloride and iodide cadmium complexes by solutions of quaternary ammonium salts chlorides in organic solvents (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, nitrobenzene) was studied. Extraction involves solutions of alkyl dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (R-N+(CH3)2-CH2C6H5-Cl-) and alkyl dimethylethyl-benzylammonium (R-N+(CH3)2-CH2-CH2C6H5-Cl-), where R is a straight alkyl chain, mainly C12 - C14. The composition of the cadmium anionic complexes was established by the analysis of the calibration curves E = f (pCCd (II)) constructed from cadmium sulfate solutions against the background of various contents of thiocyanate, chloride and iodide ions (ndicator electrode - ion-selective electrode with a membrane, which based on a nitrobenzene solution of tetradecylammonium bromide). The extraction process is estimated quantitatively using a distribution coefficient (D). The value of D is calculated taking into account the cadmium concentration in the aqueous phase before and after extraction. The dependence of the distribution coefficient on the organic solvent dielectric constant, the concentration and stability of the anionic complexes of cadmium is shown. So, for the indicated cadmium acidocomplexes, the minimum D values were obtained using low-polar toluene and carbon tetrachloride, and the maximum values were obtained using highly polar isobutyl alcohol and nitrobenzene. If the concentration of cadmium (II) is reduced by a factor of 100 for the cadmium rhodanide and iodide complexes, the value of D decreases by 1.6-1.9 times, for the chloride complex, by 1.2 times in the case of polar isobutyl alcohol and nitrobenzene, and 2.9-3.5 times in the case of low-polar solvents. It was experimentally established that in the series [Cd(SCN)4]2- - [CdI4]2-- [CdCl4]2- the value of D decreases for all the studied systems. The observed regularity is related both to the stability of the corresponding cadmium (II) complexes in aqueous solutions and to their hydrophobicity.

scholarly journals STUDY OF ANION EXCHANGE EXTRACTION OF SOME ANIONIC COMPLEXES OF IRON (III) BY ORGANIC SOLUTIONS OF QUARTERLY AMMONIUM SALTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Yulia I. Matyushkina ◽  
Alexandr A. Shabarin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Anionic Complexes ◽  
Exchange Extraction

The anion-exchange extraction of salicylate, thiosulphate and thiocyanate iron (III) complexes by solutions of chlorides of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) in organic solvents (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, nitrobenzene) was studied. The composition of the iron (III) anionic complexes was established by the analysis of the calibration curves E = f(pCFe (III)) constructed from iron (III) solutions against the background of various contents of thiocyanate, thiosulphate and salicylate ions and the steepness of the electrode function. As an indicator electrode the ion-selective electrode was used with a membrane, which based on a nitrobenzene solution of tetradecylammonium bromide. The solution containing of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride and the corresponding organic solvent were mixed in a ratio of 1:1. An organic layer containing the QAS was selected. The anion-exchange extraction was provided in contact with aqueoses solutions of Fe(III) anionic complexes. The extraction process is estimated quantitatively using a distribution coefficient (D). The value of D is calculated taking into account the iron (III) concentration in the aqueous phase before and after extraction. The content of iron (III) in solutions is determined spectrophotometrically (λ = 440 nm). It is established that the value of the distribution coefficient depends on the permittivity (ε) of the organic solvent. In the row toluene - carbon tetrachloride - ethyl acetate - isobutyl alcohol - nitrobenzene, the permittivity increases. In the same sequence, D increases for all studied complex iron(III) ions. Moreover, a decrease in the concentration of the extracted particle leads to an insignificant decrease in the value of the distribution coefficient. The composition and stability of the complex iron (III) ion have a significant effect on the extraction activity.

STUDY OF ANION EXCHANGE EXTRACTION OF SOME ANIONIC COMPLEXES OF IRON (III) BY ORGANIC SOLUTIONS OF QUADERIC AMMONIUM SALTS

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia I. Matyushkina ◽  
Alexandr A. Shabarin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Anionic Complexes ◽  
Exchange Extraction

 The anion-exchange extraction of salicylate, thiosulphate and thiocyanate iron (III) complexes by solutions of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) chlorides in organic solvents (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, nitrobenzene) was studied. The composition of the iron (III) anionic complexes was established by the analysis of the calibration curves E = f (pCFe (III)) constructed from iron (III) solutions against the background of various contents of thiocyanate, thiosulphate and salicylate ions and the steepness of the electrode function. As an indicator electrode was used the ion-selective electrode with a membrane, which based on a nitrobenzene solution of tetradecylammonium bromide. The solution containing of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride and the corresponding organic solvent were mixed in a ratio 1: 1. An organic layer containing the QAS was selected. The anion-exchange extraction was provided in contact with aqueoses solutions of Fe(III) anionic complexes. The extraction process is estimated quantitatively using a distribution coefficient (D), the value of D is calculated taking into account the iron (III) concentration in the aqueous phase before and after extraction. The content of iron (III) in solutions is determined spectrophotometrically (λ = 440 nm). It is established that the value of the distribution coefficient depends on the permittivity (ε) of the organic solvent. In the row toluene - carbon tetrachloride - ethyl acetate - isobutyl alcohol - nitrobenzene, the permittivity increases. In the same sequence, D increases for all studied complex iron(III)  ions. Moreover, a decrease in the concentration of the extracted particle leads to an insignificant decrease the value of the distribution coefficient. The composition and stability of the complex iron (III) ion have a significant effect on the extraction activity.  

scholarly journals NITRATE-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE AND ITS USE FOR ANALYSIS OF VEGETABLES AND MINERAL WATERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Yulya V. Matveichuk
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Iodide Ions ◽  
Silver Sulfate

The effect of the length of the radicals at the exchange center of the quaternary ammonium salts on the selectivity and the detection limit of the nitrate-selective electrode is investigated. The observed effects of improving the analytical characteristics while reducing the steric availability of the exchange center for quaternary ammonium salts are explained on the basis of the theory of ion association. The composition of the polyvinyl chloride (33 wt.%) electrode membrane for the quaternary ammonium salt (3,4,5-tris bromide (dodecyloxy)benzyltricethylammonium bromide, 5 wt.%) and the plasticizer (o-nitrophendecyl ether, 62 wt.%) was optimized. The developed electrode has a low detection limit (2.0∙10−7 mol/l) and a close to theoretical slope of the electrode function (56.8 mV/pNO3), and the potential of the nitrate-selective electrode is not affected by fluoride, nitrite, bicarbonate-, dihydrophosphate-, sulfate ions. The interfering action of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions can be eliminated by introducing 1·10–3 mol/l of a background solution of silver sulfate. Thiocyanate and perchlorate ions interfere with the operation of the electrode, but they are practically not found in real objects. The developed electrode was used to determine the nitrate ions in vegetables (white cabbage, cucumber, lettuce, tomato, onion, carrots, and potatoes), greens (dill, parsley) and mineral water. It was established that the maximum permissible concentration of nitrates is exceeded more than 4.5 times for cabbage (MAC = 500 mg/kg), almost 2 times for salad (maximum permissible concentration 1500 mg/kg), 1.5 times for potatoes (maximum permissible concentration 250 mg/kg) and 3 times for dill (maximum permissible concentration 1500 mg/kg).

Synthesis and stability of 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acid quaternary ammonium salts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz K. Olszewski ◽  
Anna Brol
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Aminoalkylphosphonic Acid

An effective protocol for quaternization of simple 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acids under basic conditions and using Me2SO4 as convenient alkylating agent is reported. In the course of reaction phosphonic acid quaternary ammonium...

scholarly journals Green Accelerated Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Seed Germination Test of Quaternary Ammonium Salts of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tăbăcaru ◽  
Botezatu ◽  
Horincar ◽  
Furdui ◽  
Dinică
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Radicle Growth

A family of fifteen quaternary ammonium salts (QAs), bearing the 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane core, were obtained using for the first time two different green methods, such as microwave (MW) and ultrasounds (US) irradiation, with very good yields and in much shorter times compared to the classical method, and an assay on their antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was carried out. While 12 to 24 hours were required for complete alkylation of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane by reactive halogenated derivatives in anhydrous solvent under reflux conditions, MW and US irradiation reduced the reaction time and the desired products were achieved in a few min. One of the aims of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the synthesized QAs against pathogenic bacteria, along with their impact on germination activity of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.). The antibacterial activity of the QAs against Escherichia coli was explored by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC values varied from 0.312 to 2.5 mg/mL, highlighting the lowest values attained for the derivatives containing methoxy, chlorine and benzofurane functional groups. The viability of aerobic bacteria was determined with the Tetrazolium/Formazan Test, a method that was found to be the best alternative approach with respect to the difuzimetric method. Seeds of Triticum aestivum L. were used for the evaluation of the germination indicators, such as seed germination (SG), the relative seed germination (RSG), the relative radicle growth (RRG), and the seed germination index (GI). The toxicity studies of QAs 1, 4 and 7, at two different concentrations, showed no inhibitory effect on seed germination.

Interaction of water-insoluble quaternary ammonium salts with the hydrated silica surface

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
V. V. Turov ◽  
O. A. Zaporozhets ◽  
O. Yu. Nadzhafova ◽  
V. V. Sukhan
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Hydrated Silica
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