Biological properties of neural crest-derived multipotent stem cells from the bulge region of whisker follicle expanded in new culture conditions

Craniofacial skeletal tissues are composed of tooth and bone, together with nerves and blood vessels. This composite material is mainly derived from neural crest cells (NCCs). The neural crest is transient embryonic tissue present during neural tube formation whose cells have high potential for migration and differentiation. Thus, NCCs are promising candidates for craniofacial tissue regeneration; however, the clinical application of NCCs is hindered by their limited accessibility. In contrast, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easily accessible in adults, have similar potential for self-renewal, and can differentiate into skeletal tissues, including bones and cartilage. Therefore, MSCs may represent good sources of stem cells for clinical use. MSCs are classically identified under adherent culture conditions, leading to contamination with other cell lineages. Previous studies have identified mouse- and human-specific MSC subsets using cell surface markers. Additionally, some studies have shown that a subset of MSCs is closely related to neural crest derivatives and endothelial cells. These MSCs may be promising candidates for regeneration of craniofacial tissues from the perspective of developmental fate. Here, we review the fundamental biology of MSCs in craniofacial research.

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CULTIVATION OF NEURAL CREST-DERIVED MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS IN COLLAGEN AND FIBRIN HYDROGELS: EFFECTS ON CELL VIABILITY AND PROLIFERATION

Biotechnologia Acta ◽

10.15407/biotech7.05.050 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 50-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. G. Vasyliev ◽

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells

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Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours and the carcinoid syndrome

Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0628 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 901-907

Author(s):

Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan ◽

Martyn E. Caplin ◽

Humphrey Hodgson

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Carcinoid Syndrome ◽

Who Classification ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽

Carcinoid Tumour ◽

Neuroendocrine System ◽

The Body ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Migration Of Cells

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are derived from cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system, which are present in organs throughout the body. Originally, Pearse proposed that tumours develop from migration of cells from the neural crest; however, it is now thought that the tumour cells are derived from multipotent stem cells (1). The term ‘karzinoide’ (meaning carcinoma like) was initially introduced by Siegfried Oberndorfer in 1907 (2). The term carcinoid tumour has historically been used; however, with advances in the understanding of the tumour biology, and the recent WHO classification, the term NET or endocrine tumour is considered more appropriate, and more details are given in the historical introduction in Chapter 6.1.

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Multipotent stem cells with neural crest stem cells characteristics exist in bovine adipose tissue

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 522 (4) ◽

pp. 819-825

Author(s):

Kai Zhang ◽

Xiaozhen Cui ◽

Bochi Zhang ◽

Xianyi Song ◽

Qiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Neural Crest Stem Cells

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Induction of muscle-regenerative multipotent stem cells from human adipocytes by PDGF-AB and 5-azacytidine

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abd1929 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. eabd1929

Author(s):

Avani Yeola ◽

Shruthi Subramanian ◽

Rema A. Oliver ◽

Christine A. Lucas ◽

Julie A. I. Thoms ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Xenograft Model ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Human Adipocytes ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Ectopic Tissue ◽

Development And Differentiation ◽

Specific Tissue

Terminally differentiated murine osteocytes and adipocytes can be reprogrammed using platelet-derived growth factor–AB and 5-azacytidine into multipotent stem cells with stromal cell characteristics. We have now optimized culture conditions to reprogram human adipocytes into induced multipotent stem (iMS) cells and characterized their molecular and functional properties. Although the basal transcriptomes of adipocyte-derived iMS cells and adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells were similar, there were changes in histone modifications and CpG methylation at cis-regulatory regions consistent with an epigenetic landscape that was primed for tissue development and differentiation. In a non-specific tissue injury xenograft model, iMS cells contributed directly to muscle, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels, with no evidence of teratogenic potential. In a cardiotoxin muscle injury model, iMS cells contributed specifically to satellite cells and myofibers without ectopic tissue formation. Together, human adipocyte–derived iMS cells regenerate tissues in a context-dependent manner without ectopic or neoplastic growth.

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Cellular Reprogramming Using Defined Factors and MicroRNAs

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2016/7530942 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Takanori Eguchi ◽

Takuo Kuboki

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Es Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Dna Methyltransferases ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Cellular Reprogramming ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Cell Tissue ◽

Induced Pluripotent ◽

Review Reports

Development of human bodies, organs, and tissues contains numerous steps of cellular differentiation including an initial zygote, embryonic stem (ES) cells, three germ layers, and multiple expertized lineages of cells. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been recently developed using defined reprogramming factors such as Nanog, Klf5, Oct3/4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, and Myc. This outstanding innovation is largely changing life science and medicine. Methods of direct reprogramming of cells into myocytes, neurons, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts have been further developed using modified combination of factors such as N-myc, L-myc, Sox9, and microRNAs in defined cell/tissue culture conditions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are also emerging multipotent stem cells with particular microRNA expression signatures. It was shown that miRNA-720 had a role in cellular reprogramming through targeting the pluripotency factor Nanog and induction of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). This review reports histories, topics, and idea of cellular reprogramming.

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