scholarly journals Co-activation of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle during Various Occlusal Functions

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Sato ◽  
Shoji Kohno ◽  
Keiichi Yoshida ◽  
Yukihiro Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle ◽  
Co Activation

Functional Anatomy of Intensity Aspects of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Attention System

Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brainstem network plays an important role in the regulation of attention intensity, irrespective of stimulus modality. Under conditions of phasic alertness there is less right frontal activation reflecting a diminished need for top-down regulation with phasic extrinsic stimulation. Furthermore, a high overlap between the functional networks for alerting and spatial orienting of attention is demonstrated. These findings support the hypothesis of a co-activation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Possible implications of these findings for the therapy of neglect are proposed.

Migration of a Globefish Bone to the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: Case Report

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Mi Ok Sunwoo ◽  
Seung Kug Baik ◽  
Han Yong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

scholarly journals How (not) to cross a boundary: Crosslinguistic influence in simultaneous bilingual children's event construal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Helen Engemann
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Crosslinguistic Influence ◽  
Event Construal ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Simultaneous bilingual children sometimes display crosslinguistic influence (CLI), widely attested in the domain of morphosyntax. It remains less clear whether CLI affects bilinguals’ event construal, what motivates its occurrence and directionality, and how developmentally persistent it is. The present study tested predictions generated by the structural overlap hypothesis and the co-activation account in the motion event domain. 96 English–French bilingual children of two age groups and 96 age-matched monolingual English and French controls were asked to describe animated videos displaying voluntary motion events. Semantic encoding in main verbs showed bidirectional CLI. Unidirectional CLI affected French path encoding in the verbal periphery and was predicted by the presence of boundary-crossing, despite the absence of structural overlap. Furthermore, CLI increased developmentally in the French data. It is argued that these findings reflect highly dynamic co-activation patterns sensitive to the requirements of the task and to language-specific challenges in the online production process.

scholarly journals Pairwise maximum entropy model explains the role of white matter structure in shaping emergent co-activation states

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arian Ashourvan ◽  
Preya Shah ◽  
Adam Pines ◽  
Shi Gu ◽  
Christopher W. Lynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Maximum Entropy Model ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Co Activation

AbstractA major challenge in neuroscience is determining a quantitative relationship between the brain’s white matter structural connectivity and emergent activity. We seek to uncover the intrinsic relationship among brain regions fundamental to their functional activity by constructing a pairwise maximum entropy model (MEM) of the inter-ictal activation patterns of five patients with medically refractory epilepsy over an average of ~14 hours of band-passed intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings per patient. We find that the pairwise MEM accurately predicts iEEG electrodes’ activation patterns’ probability and their pairwise correlations. We demonstrate that the estimated pairwise MEM’s interaction weights predict structural connectivity and its strength over several frequencies significantly beyond what is expected based solely on sampled regions’ distance in most patients. Together, the pairwise MEM offers a framework for explaining iEEG functional connectivity and provides insight into how the brain’s structural connectome gives rise to large-scale activation patterns by promoting co-activation between connected structures.

scholarly journals Parathyroid adenoma arising within the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a rare complication of autotransplantation

2016 ◽  
pp. bcr2015213184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Touska ◽  
Ahgi Srikanthan ◽  
Kavita Amarasinghe ◽  
Susan Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Adenoma ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Use of a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap to protect the carotid artery during laryngectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
J C Fleming ◽  
A R Fuson ◽  
H Jeyarajan ◽  
C M Thomas ◽  
B Greene
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Prevertebral Fascia ◽  
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Flap ◽  
Salvage Laryngectomy

Abstract Objectives This paper describes a simple method of securing tissue coverage of the great vessels at the initial surgery by rotating the divided sternal heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, a routine step during laryngectomy, and approximating them to the prevertebral fascia. The paper presents an illustrated case example where this technique in a salvage laryngectomy repair resulted in a protected vascular axis following a salivary leak. Results Since utilising this technique, there has been a marked reduction in the requirement of subsequent flap procedures to protect vessels, and no episodes of threatened or actual carotid blowout.

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