Population History of the Onondaga and Oneida Iroquois, A.D. 1500–1700

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population History ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Native American Population ◽  
European Contact ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Contact

Much of the discussion about North American precontact and contact-period populations has focused on continent-wide estimates. Although the associated work has produced valuable information on the demographic and cultural history of the continent, it has failed to generate agreed-upon estimates, population trends, or detailed demographic knowledge of Native American cultures. Using archaeological settlement remains and methods developed in recent research on Iroquoian cultures, this study estimates and examines population trends for the Onondaga and Oneida cultures of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) from A.D. 1500 to 1700. Onondaga population appears to have increased until the mid—seventeenth century, when drastic declines in settlement area and population size occurred. This depopulation event is both several decades after first contact with Europeans and at least a decade after the first known depopulation event among the Haudenosaunee. Oneida populations show a much more complex history that suggests the need for more detailed analyses of contact-period Native American population data. In conjunction with archaeological evidence and ethnohistoric information, the population trends generated by this study create a model of two precontact Native American populations and display the effects of European contact on those populations.

scholarly journals Genomic insights into the recent population history of Mapuche Native Americans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Vicuña ◽  
Anastasia Mikhailova ◽  
Tomás Norambuena ◽  
Anna Ilina ◽  
Olga Klimenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Population History ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Demographic Shifts

The last few years have witnessed an explosive generation of genomic data from ancient and modern Native American populations. These data shed light on key demographic shifts that occurred in geographically diverse territories of South America, such as the Andean highlands, Southern Patagonia and the Amazon basin. We used genomic data to study the recent population history of the Mapuche, who are the major Native population from the Southern Cone (Chile and Argentina). We found evidence of specific shared genetic ancestry between the Mapuche and ancient populations from Southern Patagonia, Central Chile and the Argentine Pampas. Despite previous evidence of cultural influence of Inca and Tiwanaku polities over the Mapuche, we did not find evidence of specific shared ancestry between them, nor with Amazonian groups. We estimated the effective population size dynamics of the Mapuche ancestral population during the last millennia, identifying a population bottleneck around 1650 AD, coinciding with a period of Spaniards invasions into the territory inhabited by the Mapuche. Finally, we show that admixed Chileans underwent post-admixture adaptation in their Mapuche subancestry component in genes related with lipid metabolism, suggesting adaptation to scarce food availability.

Indians Illustrated

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Coward
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
History Of

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Americans swarmed to take in a raft of new illustrated journals and papers. Engravings and drawings of “buckskinned braves” and “Indian princesses” proved an immensely popular attraction for consumers of publications like Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper and Harper's Weekly. This book charts a social and cultural history of Native American illustrations—romantic, violent, racist, peaceful, and otherwise—in the heyday of the American pictorial press. These woodblock engravings and ink drawings placed Native Americans into categories that drew from venerable “good” Indian and “bad” Indian stereotypes already threaded through the culture. The book's examples show how the genre cemented white ideas about how Indians should look and behave—ideas that diminished Native Americans' cultural values and political influence. The book's powerful analysis of themes and visual tropes unlock the racial codes and visual cues that whites used to represent, and marginalize, native cultures already engaged in a twilight struggle against inexorable westward expansion.

Americas - Jens Fog Jensen. The Stone Age of Qeqertarsuup Tunua (Disko Bugt): a regional analysis of the Saqqaq and Dorset cultures of Central West Greenland (Meddelelser om Grønland — Man & Society 32). 272 pages, numerous b&w & colour illustrations. 2006. Copenhagen: SILA/Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland, National Museum of Denmark; 87-90369-82-3 hardback. - Juliet E. Morrow & Cristóbal Gnecco (ed.). Paleoindian Archaeology: A Hemispheric Perspective. xvi+264 pages, 73 illustrations, 10 tables. 2006. Gainesville (FL): University Press of Florida; 978-0-8130-3014-2 hardback $65. - Dale L. Hutchinson. Tatham Mound and the Bioarchaeology of European Contact. xxii+260 pages, 86 illustrations, 32 tables. 2006. Gainesville (FL): University Press of Florida; 978-0-8130-3029-6 hardback $59.95. - Valli S. Powell-Marti & Patricia A. Gilman (ed.). Mimbres Society. viii+216 pages, 35 illustrations, 16 tables. 2006. Tucson (AZ): University of Arizona Press; 978-0-8165-2481-5 hardback $50. - Jeffrey R. Parsons. The Last Pescadores of Chimalhuacán, Mexico: An Archaeological Ethnography (Anthropological Papers 96, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan). xviii+378 pages, 64 figures, 110 plates, 79 tables. 2006. Ann Arbor (MI): Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan; 978-0-915703-62-3 paperback $28. - Cameron L. McNeill (ed.) Chocolate in Mesoamrica: A Cultural History of Cacao. xvi+542 pages, 159 illustrations, 14 tables. 2006. Gainesville (FL): University Press of Florida; 978-0-8130-2953-5 hardback $75.

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (312) ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Madeleine Hummler
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
European Contact ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Ethnography

Responding to Stress or Coping with Abundance?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Jon M. Erlandson ◽  
Kristina M. Gill ◽  
Mikael Fauvelle
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Optimal Habitat

Due to their isolation, insularity, and lower biodiversity, the islands of Alta and Baja California have often been perceived as marginal habitat for humans compared to the adjacent mainland. Recent archaeological work, however, has revealed a deep history of sustained human settlement on many of the islands from the Terminal Pleistocene to the present, where large Native American populations had complex economies, sophisticated maritime technologies, and elaborate material cultures. With modern restoration efforts, the native vegetation, fisheries, and hydrology of the islands is recovering, raising questions about the marginality of the islands prior to European contact. This chapter draws from archaeological and ecological data to argue that the California Islands were optimal habitat for humans, with ample resources, both marine and terrestrial.

scholarly journals Population History and Gene Divergence in Native Mexicans Inferred from 76 Human Exomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C Ávila-Arcos ◽  
Kimberly F McManus ◽  
Karla Sandoval ◽  
Juan Esteban Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Viridiana Villa-Islas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population History ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Human Genome Sequencing ◽  
History Of

Abstract Native American genetic variation remains underrepresented in most catalogs of human genome sequencing data. Previous genotyping efforts have revealed that Mexico’s Indigenous population is highly differentiated and substructured, thus potentially harboring higher proportions of private genetic variants of functional and biomedical relevance. Here we have targeted the coding fraction of the genome and characterized its full site frequency spectrum by sequencing 76 exomes from five Indigenous populations across Mexico. Using diffusion approximations, we modeled the demographic history of Indigenous populations from Mexico with northern and southern ethnic groups splitting 7.2 KYA and subsequently diverging locally 6.5 and 5.7 KYA, respectively. Selection scans for positive selection revealed BCL2L13 and KBTBD8 genes as potential candidates for adaptive evolution in Rarámuris and Triquis, respectively. BCL2L13 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and could be related to physical endurance, a well-known phenotype of the northern Mexico Rarámuri. The KBTBD8 gene has been associated with idiopathic short stature and we found it to be highly differentiated in Triqui, a southern Indigenous group from Oaxaca whose height is extremely low compared to other Native populations.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Native American population history

Nature ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 488 (7411) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Reich ◽  
Nick Patterson ◽  
Desmond Campbell ◽  
Arti Tandon ◽  
Stéphane Mazieres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Population History ◽  
American Population ◽  
Native American Population

Iroquoia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Shannon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Native American ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
European Contact ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores the history of the region dominated by the Iroquois League—a Native American confederacy made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora nations. The chapter traces the shifting identity and geographic borders of Iroquoia in the Great Lakes region, from the era of European contact to the present day. Through a deft combination of warfare and diplomacy during the colonial era, the Iroquois established the most powerful Indian confederacy in northeastern America. The political influence and territorial integrity of this confederacy was badly shaken during the revolutionary era, but the cultural identity of the Iroquois remains strongly rooted in modern New York and Canada, and for that reason Iroquoia continues to exist in the present day.

scholarly journals A time transect of exomes from a Native American population before and after European contact

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lindo ◽  
Emilia Huerta-Sánchez ◽  
Shigeki Nakagome ◽  
Morten Rasmussen ◽  
Barbara Petzelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
American Population ◽  
Native American Population ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Before And After

Native American population data based on the Globalfiler ® autosomal STR loci

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e12-e13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Ng ◽  
Robert F. Oldt ◽  
Kelly L. McCulloh ◽  
Jessica A. Weise ◽  
Joy Viray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Population Data ◽  
American Population ◽  
Native American Population ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Autosomal Str

The Population History of Asia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population History ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of

When composed of hunter-gatherers, Asia’s population numbered perhaps 1–2 million. But the emergence of agriculture saw population growth, and it appears likely that by 1 CE the continent’s population exceeded 100 million. For China and Japan, there are data which shed light on their population histories during pre-modern times. Moreover, both countries experienced rapid demographic transitions in the 20th century—substantially limiting the associated extent of population growth. For the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, there are almost no population data prior to the late 18th century, although what happened subsequently is better recorded. Both these diverse regions experienced fairly protracted modern demographic transitions and substantial population growth. West Asia’s population is thought to have been of similar size in 1900 as in 1 CE. During the 20th century, however, most countries in West Asia experienced late birth-rate declines and very substantial population growth. Throughout history, the level of urbanization in Asia has generally been extremely low. Nevertheless, the continent contained most of the world’s most populous cities, though that situation changed temporarily in the 19th and 20th centuries. That said, after 1950 mortality decline fueled urban growth. As a result, by 2020 Asia once again contained most of the world’s largest cities, and about half of the continent’s people lived in urban areas. The population history of Asia has generally involved very slow population growth. The main explanation has been that death rates were high, marriage was early and universal, fertility was uncontrolled, and so birth rates were high too. However, research has increasingly suggested that in some areas the levels of fertility and mortality which prevailed in pre-modern times are better described as “moderate” rather than “high.” Moreover, as in Europe, there were regulatory mechanisms which helped to maintain a degree of balance between human numbers and the resource base.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document