scholarly journals Driving Factors in the Colonization of Oceania: Developing Island-Level Statistical Models to Test Competing Hypotheses

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian V. Bell ◽  
Thomas E. Currie ◽  
Geoffrey Irwin ◽  
Christopher Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Rigorous Framework ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Selection Framework ◽  
Distance Travel

Migration is a key driver of human cultural and genetic evolution, with recent theoretical advances calling for work to accurately identify factors behind early colonization patterns. However, inferring prehistoric migration strategies is a controversial field of inquiry that largely relies on interpreting settlement chronologies and constructing plausible narratives around environmental factors. Model selection approaches, along with new statistical models that match the dynamic nature of colonization, offers a more rigorous framework to test competing theories. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by developing an Island-Level Model of Colonization adapted from epidemiology in a Bayesian model-selection framework. Using model selection techniques, we assess competing colonization theories of Near and Remote Oceania, showing that models of exploration angles and risk performed considerably better than models using inter-island distance, suggesting early seafarers were already adept at long-distance travel. These results are robust after artificially increasing the uncertainty around settlement times. We show how decades of thinking on colonization strategies can be brought together and assessed in one statistical framework, providing us with greater interpretive power to understand a fundamental feature of our past.

War Captives, Left-Behind Wives, and Buddhist Nuns: Female Migrants in Early Medieval China (4th–6th Century CE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Wen-Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
Gender And Migration ◽  
Early Medieval China ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Northern Wei ◽  
Distance Travel

Abstract Using received texts and excavated funerary epitaphs, this article examines the intricacies of gender and migration in early medieval China by exploring women's long-distance mobility from the fourth century to the sixth century, when what is now known as China was divided by the Northern Wei and a succession of four southern states—the Eastern Jin, Liu-Song, Southern Qi, and Liang. I focus on three types of migration in which women participated during this period: war-induced migration, family reunification, and religious journeys. Based on this analysis, I propose answers to two important questions: the connection between migration and the state, and textual representations of migrants. Though the texts under consideration are usually written in an anecdotal manner, the references to women, I argue, both reveals nuances in perceptions of womanhood at the time and elucidates the contexts within—and through—which long-distance travel became possible for women.

Long-Distance Travel for HIV-Related Care—Burden or Choice?: A Mixed Methods Study in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Fonner ◽  
David Geurkink ◽  
Faraja Chiwanga ◽  
Ismail Amiri ◽  
Samuel Likindikoki
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Distance Travel ◽  
Long Distance Travel

Inferring landscape effects on gene flow: a new model selection framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3603-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. SHIRK ◽  
D. O. WALLIN ◽  
S. A. CUSHMAN ◽  
C. G. RICE ◽  
K. I. WARHEIT
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Model Selection ◽  
New Model ◽  
Landscape Effects ◽  
Selection Framework

scholarly journals Low-carbon scenarios for long-distance travel 2060

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 103010
Author(s):  
Jonas Åkerman ◽  
Anneli Kamb ◽  
Jörgen Larsson ◽  
Jonas Nässén
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Travel ◽  
Long Distance Travel

Short-Term Vehicle Velocity Forecasting via Cycle Segmentation Model Selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhi Liu ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Selection Framework

Abstract Vehicle velocity forecasting plays a critical role in scheduling the operations of varying systems and devices in a passenger vehicle. This paper first generates a repeated urban driving cycle dataset at a fixed route in the Dallas area, aiming to contribute to the improvement of vehicle energy efficiency for commuting routes. The generated driving cycles are divided into cycle segments based on intersection/stop identification, deceleration and reacceleration identification, and waiting time estimation, which could be used for better evaluating the effectiveness of model localization. Then, a segment-based vehicle velocity forecasting model is developed, where a machine learning model is trained/developed at each segment, using the hidden Markov chain (HMM) model and long short-term memory network (LSTM). To further improve the forecasting accuracy, a localized model selection framework is developed, which can dynamically choose a forecasting model (i.e., HMM or LSTM) for each segment. Results show that (i) the segment-based forecast could improve the forecasting accuracy by up to 24%, compared the whole cycle-based forecast; and (ii) the localized model selection framework could further improve the forecasting accuracy by 6.8%, compared to the segment-based LSTM model. Moreover, the potential of leveraging the stopping location at an intersection to estimate the waiting time is also evaluated in this study.

scholarly journals Harassment of women garment workers in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Begum ◽  
RN Ali ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
Sonia B Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Dissatisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Garment Factories ◽  
Distance Travel ◽  
Long Distance Travel

The study analyzed the different factors that are responsible for the harassment of women garment workers in Bangladesh. Three garment factories from Mirpur area under Dhaka district were selected purposively where garment factories are available. The sample consisted of 90 women workers taking 30 randomly from each of the three garment factories. Female workers are mostly employed at the lower category of jobs like operator, finishing helper, polyer etc. These jobs are very monotonous in nature. Because of the nature of their jobs, female workers sometimes lose interest in work and become depressed. A large number of female workers received low and irregular wages which create their job dissatisfaction. Only 22 female workers earned salary between Tk. 2700 to Tk. 3000 per month. Female workers are sexually harassed by their co-workers in the factory or by police or by mastans in the street. Communication problem is a major problem faced by most of the female garment workers. A long distance travel is not only physical strenuous but also mentally stressful. Their overtime rate is very low. Long working hours result in a number of illnesses and diseases like headache, eye trouble, ear ache, musculoskeletal pain etc. Women are exploited easily due to lack of technical knowledge and training. The employers do not pay any heed to this exploitation. Keywords: Garment industry; Women workers; Harassment DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7940 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 291-296, 2010   

scholarly journals Mode use in long-distance travel

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Reichert ◽  
Christian Holz-Rau
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Travel ◽  
Long Distance Travel
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document