scholarly journals Estimación del valor económico de la calidad del agua de un río mediante una doble aproximación: Una aplicación de los principios económicos de la Directiva Marco del Agua

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Del Saz Salazar ◽  
Francesc Hernández Sancho ◽  
Ramón Sala Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
European Water ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good Ecological Status

The main aim of the European Water Frame Directive is to achieve the good ecological status in all European waters by 2015 with a combined approach of different measures. In this study, two stated preference methods –contingent valuation and contingent ranking– have been applied to obtain the economic value of a hypothetical improvement of the water quality of a river. The comparison of both methods shows that contingent ranking yields higher values than contingent valuation, as found in previous literature. Lastly, the estimated values are aggregated in order to obtain the social benefits that steam from this environmental improvement.

scholarly journals A Study on the Value of Preserving a Parasitic Volcanic Sieve as a Tourism Good for Sustainable Management: Using the Contingent Valuation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2825
Author(s):  
Won Seok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Good For

The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of Geomun Oreum (GO), a parasitic volcanic sieve, for sustainable management by using the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method. To address the exaggeration tendency of willingness to pay (WTP), the contingent valuation method’s (CVM’s) traditional threshold, respondents’ WTP answers were reconfirmed to screen only true responses for our analysis. In addition to estimating the economic value, the causal relationship between the tour guide’s quality of explanation and the respondents’ payment intention is examined in the study. The results reveal that the estimated preservation value of GO is 35,881 KRW (33.28 USD), and the quality of the tour guide’s narrative is statistically related to the respondents’ payment intention.

scholarly journals A rule-based modelling concept to simulate hydromorphological measures – a tool for the design of programmes of measures for the EU Water Framework Directive

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
H. Nacken
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Eu Water Framework Directive ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
European Water ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. Hydromorphological deficits are of real concern regarding the goals of the European Water Framework Directive to reach a good ecological status. The effects of measures that change the morphological structure of a river is hard to predict. Existing methods to simulate this process in a traditional numerical model can not be applied to whole river systems. Using a rule-based modelling concept to find feasible measures and predict the impact of those measures is a very promising solution.

scholarly journals El estado ecológico de las pequeñas cuencas de cabecera en las serranías béticas húmedas (parque natural Los Alcornocales, sur de España) según la Directiva Marco del Agua: ¿su aplicación garantiza la conservación?

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
A. Ruiz–García ◽  
◽  
M. Ferreras-Romero ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Mountain Rivers ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Spanish Atlantic ◽  
Good Ecological Status

In compliance with the European Water Framework Directive, member states have had to develop a method to assess the quality of aquatic ecosystems by comparing the current situation regarding near–natural reference conditions for each river type. In 2008, the Spanish Ministry of Environment approved the Order of Water Planning Statement. This statement sets out reference conditions and ecological status class change limits for the different types of rivers in Spain for which sufficient data are available. In the presentstudy, we established reference conditions and quality class thresholds for streams classified as wet Betic mountain rivers from 24 reaches of streams located in the Los Alcornocales natural park, using two qualitative indices based on macroinvertebrates (IBMWP and IMMi–L). The results for the IBMWP index indicate that from the standpoint of management of the ecological state, the watercourses studied show more affinity with the types of the Spanish Atlantic siliceous slope than with those of the Mediterranean siliceous slope when we consider EQR values. Considering the threshold values, the index resembles siliceous low Mediterranean mountain rivers (type 8). However, the EQR values do not match those calculated in this study. These results suggest that it is necessary to use an index adapted to the characteristics of these watercourses. Application of the quality criteria contained in the Guadalete–Barbate and Mediterranean–Andalusian Basin Plans to the management of these waterways is discussed, because it is unlikely that they ensure the maintenance of good ecological status. We thus propose a new calibration of the IBMWP index that ensures the maintenance of good environmental status of watercourses in this natural area, and the use of the IMMi–L index as an effective management tool. However, as our study area represents only a part of the wet headwaters in the southern Iberian peninsula, analysis of other basin types is necessary to complete such information.

A machine learning model to link ecological response and anthropogenic stressors: a tool for water management in the Tagus River Basin (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Valerio ◽  
Alberto Garrido ◽  
Gonzalo Martinez-Muñoz ◽  
Lucia De Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
Good Ecological Status

<p>Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by multiple anthropic pressures. Understanding the effect of pressures on the ecological status is essential for the design of effective policy measures but can be challenging from a methodological point of view. In this study we propose to capture these complex relations by means of a machine learning model that predicts the ecological response of surface water bodies to several anthropic stressors. The model was applied to the Spanish stretch of the Tagus River Basin. The performance of two machine learning algorithms -Random Forest (RF) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) - was compared. The response variables in the model were the biotic quality indices of macroinvertebrates (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) and diatoms (Indice de Polluosensibilité Spécifique). The stressors used as explanatory variables belong to the following categories: physicochemical water quality, land use, alteration of the hydrological regime and hydromorphological degradation. Variables describing the natural environmental variability were also included. According to the coefficient of determination, the root mean square error and the mean absolute error, the RF algorithm has the best explanatory power for both biotic indices. The categories of land cover in the upstream catchment area, the nutrient concentrations and the elevation of the water body are ranked as the main features at play in determining the quality of biological communities. Among the hydromorphological elements, the alteration of the riparian forest (expressed by the Riparian Forest Quality Index) is the most relevant feature, while the hydrological alteration does not seem to influence significantly the value of the biotic indices. Our model was used to identify potential policy measures aimed at improving the biological quality of surface water bodies in the most critical areas of the basin. Specifically, the biotic quality indices were modelled imposing the maximum concentration of nutrients that the Spanish legislation prescribes to ensure a good ecological status. According to our model, the nutrient thresholds set by the Spanish legislation are insufficient to ensure values of biological indicators consistent with the good ecological status in the entire basin. We tested several scenarios of more restrictive nutrient concentrations and values of hydromorphological quality to explore the conditions required to achieve the good ecological status. The predicted percentage of water bodies in good status increases when a high  Riparian Forest Quality Index is set, confirming the importance of combining physico-chemical and hydromorphological improvements in order to ameliorate the status of freshwater ecosystems. </p>

On the success of megaprojects

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rodney Turner ◽  
Yan Xue
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Model ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Iron Triangle ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
The Social

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a new model for the success of megaprojects. Megaprojects are often said to fail because they finish late and/or overspent. As megaprojects are usually complex, so small changes in input can lead to disproportionate changes in output. So the time and cost targets at the start can have little validity. They are useful targets, not values which can be used to judge success or failure. The authors suggest that a megaproject is a success if it produces a worthwhile result at a time and cost that makes it valuable. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a new model for the success of megaprojects, and asses its applicability against a number of case studies from well-known sources. Findings The authors identify four dimensions of megaproject success: they produce an output at a time and cost that makes it valuable; they achieve the desired outcome and benefit at a time and cost that makes them valuable; they deliver positive net present value; and they deliver a business or public need at a time and cost which makes it valuable. Research limitations/implications The authors propose a new model for megaproject success that moves away from the so-called iron triangle or triple constraint, which are meaningless in the context of complex projects. Time and cost to completion cannot be predicted on complex projects. However, targets are required because a megaproject must produce a valuable outcome at a time and cost that makes it valuable. Practical implications The paper produces a new way of assessing the success of megaprojects which will lead to a larger number of megaprojects being assessed to be successful. It indicates what is truly important, that the megaproject should produce and outcome of value at a time and cost that makes it valuable. Social implications Megaprojects often produce benefits to society over and above the financial benefits. Often an economic benefit cannot be paced on these social benefits, which makes it problematic to assess the value of the project. In one of the cases economic value was placed on the social benefits, and the benefit:cost ratio was increased from 0.85 to 2.5. Originality/value The authors propose a new model for the success of megaprojects.

Good ecological status in a heavily urbanised river: is it feasible?

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weyand ◽  
D. Schitthelm
Keyword(s):  
River Restoration ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
European Water ◽  
Ecological Objectives ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
The Impact

In Germany, a national instructions sheet, BWK M3, sets out how the impact of sewer system discharges on receiving water bodies is to be analysed. When applying the simplified assessment procedure defined therein and relying on traditional measures only, it becomes evident that in heavily urbanised rivers a large number of retention facilities would be needed to improve the hydraulic and qualitative conditions. However, the associated economics make the feasibility of such an immission-based approach to river restoration doubtful. In response, the Bergisch Rheinischer Wasserverband and the Ruhrverband started a common research project to find out whether and how the Rinderbach River, a heavily modified water body in terms of morphology and flow dynamics, could achieve the good ecological status required under the European Water Framework Directive. The focus of the survey was on the elaboration of an inventory, the identification of potentially attainable ecological objectives, and the discussion of measures with regard to their benefits and feasibility. The results obtained clearly show that it is possible to achieve good ecological status in already heavily urbanised rivers by making use of all existing natural potential within the river basin. They also demonstrated that a good interactive co-operation of experts in the fields of biology, urban drainage and hydraulics is indispensable.

scholarly journals Temporal changes of aquatic macrophytes vegetation in a Iowland groundwater feed eutrophic course (Klátovské rameno, Slovakia)

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Oťahel'ová ◽  
Richard Hrivnák ◽  
Milan Valachovič ◽  
Georg A. Janauer
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Macrophyte Species ◽  
Good Ecological Status

Klátovské rameno is the lowland slow-flowing groundwater feed eutrophic tributary of the Malý Dunaj River (Danube Plain), where our study of temporal changes of aquatic macrophytes vegetation was realised in 1999 and 2005. For survey of aquatic vascular macrophytes the Kohler’s method (Janauer 2003) was used, which is compliant with European standard EN 14184. Altogether 35 aquatic macrophyte species were recorded during the survey. Nuphar lutea persisted as the most dominant species in 1996 and 2005. Species diversity increased slightly after the nine years: ten species immigrated to the watercourse. The changes in species abundance have shown weak differences, however the abundance of Sparganium emersum has increased markedly. Alien species Elodea canadensis and both S. emersum and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae significantly enlarged their distribution in the stream. The ecological quality of the river, based on the aquatic macrophytes assessment criteria, was slightly impaired after nine years, but still 90% of its studied course has a high or good ecological status.

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