Changes in Cardiovascular Performance During an 8-Week Military Basic Training Period Combined with Added Endurance or Strength Training

Abstract This study examined the effects of a 6-week non-failure strength training program in youth tennis players. Twenty tennis players (age: 15.0 ± 1 years, body height: 170.9 ± 5.1 cm, body mass: 63.3 ± 9.1 kg) were divided into experimental and control groups. Pre and post-tests included half squats, bench press, squat jumps, countermovementjumps and side-ball throws. Salivary cortisol samples were collected, and the Profile of Mood States questionnaire was used weekly during an anatomical adaptation period, a main training period and after a tapering week. The results showed that, after the main training period, the experimental group significantly improved (p<0.05) in mean and peak power output and in the total number of repetitions during the half-squat endurance test; mean force, power and velocity in the half-squat power output test; Profile of Mood States (in total mood disturbance between the last week of the mean training period and the tapering week); and in squat-jump and countermovement-jump height. Moreover, significant differences were found between the groups at the post-tests in the total number of repetitions, mean and peak power during the half-squat endurance test, mean velocity in the half-squat power output test, salivary cortisol concentration (baselines, first and third week of the mean training period) and in the Profile of Mood States (in fatigue subscale: first and third week of the mean training period). In conclusion, a non-failure strength training protocol improved lower-limb performance levels and produced a moderate psychophysiological impact in youth elite tennis players, suggesting that it is a suitable program to improve strength. Such training protocols do not increase the total training load of tennis players and may be recommended to improve strength.

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Optimization of Technical Training of Ice-Hockey Players Aged 8–17 Years

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v2i89.155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (89) ◽

Author(s):

Gracijus Girdauskas ◽

Rimas Kazakevičius

Keyword(s):

Training Model ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Technical Training ◽

Training Period ◽

Basic Training ◽

Training Models ◽

Time Ratio ◽

Hockey Players ◽

Long Term Experiment

Research background and hypothesis. Training models in athlete training have already been determined by sport researchers (Hellard et al., 2006. The programme that has been developed and tested by one alternative experiment is targeted to optimize the purposeful technical training for 8–17-year-old ice hockey players. Research aim was to determine technical training models.Research methods. A long-term experiment of one alternative was carried out involving subjects from 8 to 18 years in 2000–2010. The programmes for technical training were developed with regard to the time ratio, measures taken and recommendations of foreign experts. Later the programmes have been adjusted to the results obtained. The following tests have been used for evaluation of the skating technique: to evaluate specific skills – forward and backward skating; to evaluate the puck control – manoeuvre skating driving the puck and without the puck. Research results. Analysis of the results in the initial training period shows that the greatest improvement in the results has been registered in manoeuvre skating driving the puck – 11.6%, and in backward skating – about 8%. A significant improvement in the results of the basic training period has been observed in backward skating – 7% as well as in 30 m standing skating – 6.3%. In the special training period a more marked increase in the results has been registered in backward skating – 5.2% as well as in 30 m standing skating – 3.8%. Discussion and conclusions. This is due to the lack of special skills and a complex biomechanical structure of the performance of the technical action. Sport performance was influenced by adolescent developmental patterns, and the optimal adjustment of the programme, taking into account the initial and basic training period analysis.Results of the present research allow us to conclude that 1) Athletes’ training programmes, taking into account the recommendations, were effective. 2) The greatest improvement in the results was registered within the 1 st and 2 nd stages of athletes’ training. We believe that this is due to a complex biomechanical structure of the performance of the technical action. After the improvement, the growth of the results slows down. 3) Time ratio for technical training is distributed in the following way: 1st stage – 55–53%, 2nd stage – 50–48% and 3rd stage – 47–44%.Keywords: technical training, manoeuvre skating, experimental programme, optimization of training, training model.

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Prioritizing interventions for preventing COVID-19 outbreaks in military basic training

10.1101/2021.11.28.21266969 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guido Felipe Camargo Espana ◽

Alex Perkins ◽

Simon Pollett ◽

Morgan Smith ◽

Sean M Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Results ◽

Basic Training ◽

High Coverage ◽

Agent Based ◽

False Positive Test ◽

Community Exposure ◽

Training Need ◽

Effective Transmission ◽

Transmission Blocking Vaccine ◽

Military Basic Training

Like other congregate living settings, military basic training has been subject to outbreaks of COVID-19. We sought to identify improved strategies for preventing outbreaks in this setting using an agent-based model of a hypothetical cohort of trainees on a U.S. Army post. Our analysis revealed unique aspects of basic training that require customized approaches to outbreak prevention, which draws attention to the possibility that customized approaches may be necessary in other settings, too. In particular, we showed that introductions by trainers and support staff may be a major vulnerability, given that those individuals remain at risk of community exposure throughout the training period. We also found that increased testing of trainees upon arrival could actually increase the risk of outbreaks, given the potential for false-positive test results to lead to susceptible individuals becoming infected in group isolation and seeding outbreaks in training units upon release. Until an effective transmission-blocking vaccine is adopted at high coverage by individuals involved with basic training, need will persist for non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent outbreaks in military basic training. Ongoing uncertainties about virus variants and breakthrough infections necessitate continued vigilance in this setting, even as vaccination coverage increases.

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Total Institutions

The Oxford Handbook of American Folklore and Folklife Studies ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190840617.013.31 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 668-688

Author(s):

Jay Mechling

Keyword(s):

Nursing Homes ◽

American Culture ◽

Social Needs ◽

Summer Camps ◽

Total Institution ◽

Religious Institutions ◽

Basic Training ◽

Folk Traditions ◽

Total Institutions ◽

Military Basic Training

In his 1961 book, Asylums, Goffman introduces the concept of the “total institution,” a formal institution in which the staff has near-total control of the lives of the “inmates,” including where and when they sleep, eat, and socialize. Typical total institutions in American culture include hospitals (mental and otherwise), prisons, military basic training camps, other isolated military settings (e.g., onboard ships), boarding schools, summer camps, nursing homes, and cloistered religious institutions. The fact that the control is “near-total” rather than total opens the possibility that the “inmates” or “residents” will create their own folk traditions, including oral, material, and customary folklore. The folk cultures of residents serve their psychological and social needs, and the folklore often centers on resistance against the regime of control and surveillance by the staff.

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