Hibiscus syriacus 'Dasom', A New Flower-Color Mutant Variety Developed by Radiation Breeding

Soybean partially sterile mutants 2, 3, and 4 (PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4), recovered from a gene-tagging experiment, were studied to clarify their inheritance, linkage, allelism, and reproductive biology. The PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4 mutants were maintained as heterozygotes and upon self-pollination segregated l fertile: l partially-sterile. For inheritance and linkage tests, all three PS mutants were crossed to flower color mutant Harosoy-w4 and to chlorophyll-deficient (CD) mutants CD-1 and CD-5, also recovered from the tagging study. For allelism tests, reciprocal crosses were made among the three partially sterile mutants. Linkage results indicated that the gene for partial sterility in the PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4 mutants was not linked either to the w4 locus or to the genes for chlorophyll deficiency. Studies of pollen development, pollen viability, and pollen-tube germination indicated no difference between normal and partially sterile genotypes. Linkage and allelism tests indicated that the gene in the three partially sterile mutants was not transmitted through the female when they were used as a female parent. A study of megagametogenesis indicated that the ovules from partially sterile plants had normal embryo sac development. Ovule abortion was due to failure of fertilization.Key words: partially sterile, gene tagging, ovule abortion, soybean.

Download Full-text

Cloning of the Pleiotropic T Locus in Soybean and Two Recessive Alleles That Differentially Affect Structure and Expression of the Encoded Flavonoid 3′ Hydroxylase

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/163.1.295 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 163 (1) ◽

pp. 295-309

Author(s):

Gracia Zabala ◽

Lila Vodkin

Keyword(s):

Frameshift Mutation ◽

Flower Color ◽

Flavonoid Pathway ◽

Genetic Stock ◽

Color Mutant ◽

H Gene ◽

Low Levels ◽

Mutant Lines ◽

Seed Coats ◽

T Locus

Abstract Three loci (I, R, and T) control pigmentation of the seed coats in Glycine max and are genetically distinct from those controlling flower color. The T locus also controls color of the trichome hairs. We report the identification and isolation of a flavonoid 3′ hydroxylase gene from G. max (GmF3′H) and the linkage of this gene to the T locus. This GmF3′H gene was highly expressed in early stages of seed coat development and was expressed at very low levels or not at all in other tissues. Evidence that the GmF3′H gene is linked to the T locus came from the occurrence of multiple RFLPs in lines with varying alleles of the T locus, as well as in a population of plants segregating at that locus. GmF3′H genomic and cDNA sequence analysis of color mutant lines with varying t alleles revealed a frameshift mutation in one of the alleles. In another line derived from a mutable genetic stock, the abundance of the mRNAs for GmF3′H was dramatically reduced. Isolation of the GmF3′H gene and its identification as the T locus will enable investigation of the pleiotropic effects of the T locus on cell wall integrity and its involvement in the regulation of the multiple branches of the flavonoid pathway in soybean.

Download Full-text

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida)

10.20944/preprints202007.0687.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jaihyunk Ryu ◽

Dong-Gun Kim ◽

Jung Min Kim ◽

Jae Il Lyu ◽

Yeong Deuk Jo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Flower Color ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Color Mutant ◽

60Co Gamma ◽

Gamma Irradiated ◽

The Rose ◽

Selection Of

Roses are one of the most important floricultural crops, and their essential oils have long been used for cosmetics and aromatherapy. We investigated the volatile compound compositions of 12 flower-color mutant variants and their original cultivars. Twelve rose mutant genotypes were developed by treatment with 70 Gy of 60Co gamma irradiation of six commercial rose cultivars. Essential oils from the flowers of the 18 genotypes were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Seventy-seven volatile compounds were detected, which were categorized into five classes: hydrocarbons, terpenoids, alcohols, esters, and others. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, and esters were major components in all rose flowers. The mutant genotypes CR-S8 and CR-S9 showed higher contents of hydrocarbons than the original cultivar. In addition, CR-S1, CR-S3, and CR-S4 mutant genotypes showed higher ester contents than their original cultivar. Nonacosane, 2-methylhexacosane, and 2-methyltricosane were major volatile compounds among all genotypes. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the rose genotypes gave four groups according to grouping among the 77 volatile compounds. These findings will be useful for the selection of rose genotypes with improved volatile compounds.

Download Full-text