scholarly journals Unlocking the Black Box of AI Listening Machines: Assemblages for Art, Technology and Innovation

Artnodes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharath Chandra Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Artistic Interventions ◽  
Creative Interventions

The black box of innovation in the realm of connected AI technologies renders not only their technicalities opaque but also, and more importantly, the social effects and relations that constitute their creation and mediation. This presents an opportunity for creative interventions by artists and researchers, to unveil the networked relations that are part of AI technologies, and speculate on their ontological effects. This article presents such an unpacking around an AI listening machine present today in ubiquitous devices like voice assistants and smart speakers, and incorporates computational models of machine audition. By tracing the scientific research, technical expertise, and social relations that led to our cultural adoption of AI listening machines, the article presents a socio-technical assemblage within which these machines operate. At the same time, the article reveals various contexts for artists as well as innovation researchers to engage with the socio-technical complexity of AI listening machines, by sharing some instances of creative and artistic interventions that have attempted to unveil the nature of their assemblages.

Innovation and technological change in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 466-488
Author(s):  
Erika Kraemer-Mbula ◽  
Rasigan Maharajh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation ◽  
Radical Transformation

This chapter explores the main achievements and remaining challenges in the governance of the South African science, technology, and innovation (STI) system. While reflecting on the inherited features from the apartheid period, it focuses on the period between the two White Papers in 1996 and 2019. The chapter discusses the main shifts in policy emphasis (intents) of these two policy/institutional developments and connects them to the STI system performance and its measurement. It shows that the drastic shift in policy orientation towards addressing social imperatives and the quantitative improvements in the STI outputs since 1994, have not materialized in a radical transformation of the economy or the social relations inherited from apartheid. The chapter argues that the assessment of the STI system needs to be expanded through an evolutionary lens in order to activate the needed systemic transformations.

‘Pulling down’ Books vs. ‘Pulling Up’ Files: Textual Databanks and the Changing Culture of Classical Scholarship

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Ruhleder
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Search Algorithms ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Classical Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Domain Expertise ◽  
Source Materials

The culture of classical scholarship is changing as traditional paper-based materials are being repackaged in electronic form. This paper investigates the changes effected by a Greek textual databank, the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG). The TLG changes the textual landscape, making available to scholars texts previously accessible with difficulty—or not at all. At the same time, it changes the traditional relationship between scholar and text. ‘Knowing’ a text is replaced by knowing how to construct search algorithms. Critical notes, repositories of centuries of expertise, are decoupled from the source materials. And new forms of technical expertise are becoming necessary in order to exploit domain expertise. The questions raised by classicists' use of textual databanks concern all communities which move from ‘pulling down’ books to ‘pulling up’ files. A technology gives threefold shape to work; it gives form to the everyday experience of work; it defines the concepts with which we think about experience; and it imposes control upon the social relations of work. (Lyman, 1984).

Opening the Black Box: The Social Outcomes of Scientific Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Robert Briggle
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
The Social

Comment: Emotions as Relational Orientations: Accounting for Culture and Social Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian von Scheve
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Constructive Criticism

The present contribution provides a constructive criticism of Brian Parkinson’s “Heart to Heart: A Relation-Alignment Approach to Emotion’s Social Effects.” I outline a number of points in Parkinson’s approach that I find particularly useful from a sociological perspective on emotions and provide suggestions for further extending his account. In doing so, I concentrate on issues regarding the social ontology of emotion, the proposition of emotional adjacency pairs in verbal and facial communication, the importance of social appraisals in intergroup contexts, and the relevance of social institutions for understanding how some emotions come to dominate certain social relations.

scholarly journals A Perceptual Approach to Aging: Latent Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Fahri Özsungur
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Effects

This study is a review article. Gerontology literature was reviewed and issues of latent aging were systematically formed. According to the results of the study, latent aging consists of perceptual diagnosis, research, adoption, and reactive actions.Reactive actions include the social, psychological and physical effects of latent aging. The social effects of latent aging are the decline of social relations and social isolation. Depression, stress, anxiety, traumas and cognitive decline are among the psychological effects. Chronic musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, premature mortality, and suicidal ideation were determined as physical effects. The detection of latent aging is important in the prevention of chronic diseases.It was revealed that latent aging has the following four main processes: perceptual diagnosis and coding, research and comparison, adoption and reactive actions. Furthermore, this aging approach has three significant effects: social, psychological and physical.

scholarly journals Digital humanities as third culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (57) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Andrea Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
The Social ◽  
Computing Science

<p class="p1">Th is article examines collaboration in the digital humanities through a sociological lens, focusing on the social relations, including hierarchies, that form in the digital humanities. It argues that the digital humanities can be seen as a form of third culture (Snow, 1971) in which people from computing science and the humanities form new relationships and in some cases move towards an embodiment of third culture. While the humanities are still seen as largely driving the digital humanities, there is increasingly recognition of the importance of technology and programmers. Significant strides are being taken towards involving those with computing and technical expertise in the design and conception of the digital humanities although this transition is not always smooth or democratic.</p>

scholarly journals Fishing families and cosmopolitans in conflict over land on a Philippine island

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magne Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Philippine Island ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negros Island

Research on the social effects of tourism and beachfront property development in Southeast Asia finds that foreigners and local elites reap the main benefits, rather than fishing families and coastal communities, who also become vulnerable to displacement. This article, discussing cleavages and co-operation among parties brought together in court cases over land on a Philippine island, demonstrates that poor coastal dwellers just north of Dumaguete City on Negros Island differ in their ability to use social relations within and beyond kin groups to resist development-induced displacement from the increasingly lucrative foreshore. Members of families who are considered to be descendants of the ‘original people of the place’ have been far less vulnerable to displacement pressure than settlers with more of a ‘migrant’ status.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic and the social effects on clinic and scientific research: the “human factor”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-520
Author(s):  
Annalisa Cogliandro ◽  
Mauro Barone ◽  
Paolo Persichetti
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL SECURITY LAW

2020 ◽  
pp. 406-413
Author(s):  
К. В. Гнатенко
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to the formation of a comprehensive, systematic and comprehensive understanding of the concept of “principles of social security law”. To achieve the goal of scientific research, the positions of scientists on the definition of a more general concept of “principles of law” are highlighted. The essential legal features of the given legal category are clarified. The importance of such legal features as reality, objectivity, consolidation of a certain pattern of development of social relations, legal nature, etc. is emphasized. Special works of theorists of the social security sphere on the given problems are revealed. It is noted that each scientific position reflects a separate aspect of the manifestation of the principles of social security law and focuses on their specific legal features. However, none of the above definitions offers a proper in-depth and comprehensive approach to revealing the essence of the principles of social security law. Based on the covered material, the author’s definition of the concept “principles of social security law” is proposed.

The SRM Approach to Family Assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Direction Of Effects

Abstract. In family systems, it is possible for one to put oneself at risk by eliciting aversive, high-risk behaviors from others ( Cook, Kenny, & Goldstein, 1991 ). Consequently, it is desirable that family assessments should clarify the direction of effects when evaluating family dynamics. In this paper a new method of family assessment will be presented that identifies bidirectional influence processes in family relationships. Based on the Social Relations Model (SRM: Kenny & La Voie, 1984 ), the SRM Family Assessment provides information about the give and take of family dynamics at three levels of analysis: group, individual, and dyad. The method will be briefly illustrated by the assessment of a family from the PIER Program, a randomized clinical trial of an intervention to prevent the onset of psychosis in high-risk young people.

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