Effects of Positive Affirmation and Constructive Criticism on Student Writing and Success

Is it more helpful for an individual such as a teacher to provide a student with constructive criticism or positive affirmations in relation to their writing work? Which method is helpful in pushing the student to prosper and which can be detrimental when utilized inappropriately and ineffectively? Do positive affirmations provide students with a false sense of confidence with little knowledge of what they can improve upon or does constructive criticism dismantle the faith an individual has in their writing capabilities causing them to produce work that is not of their best quality? This paper explores both forms of feedback often employed by educators through the utilization of various research papers and sources to determine which method of response or assessment is most useful in order for a student to reach their full writing potential.

XAISec - Explainable AI Security: An Early Discussion Paper on New Multidisciplinary Subfield In Pursuit of Building Trust in Security of AI systems

Today's Artificial Intelligence systems are at the epicenter of security threats across industries. Attackers are trying to turn AI systems against the organization and society, intending to cause harm at various levels. Security, along with the explainability of AI, is a cornerstone for Digital Trust and Trustworthy AI. AI-based systems provide new attack surfaces, and adversaries can utilize attack surfaces to construct attacks to exploit vulnerabilities. Mission-critical systems using AI need to address the crucial problem of AI Security(AISec) and Explainable AI (XAI). In the early version of the discussion paper, we propose the new sub-field of Explainable AI Security (XAISec) at the intersection of AISec, XAI, and Explainable Security (XSec) for Mission-critical systems. We propose that XAISec should aim to explain AI Security's workings (justification of attack and transparency about defense) at an appropriate level considering multiple aspects. XAISec is a niche multidisciplinary greenfield with an ascertained need and validated using informal interview settings. We invite constructive criticism, collaboration, and contribution to jump-start the sub-field. We believe that with XAISec as an integral part of AI, AI can impact millions of lives across the globe, enabling smarter, sustainable, and evolutionary transformations.

Eurasian Demotia: Formation of the Concept of Self-government

The article examines one of the key concepts of the Eurasianists - demotia. Despite its theoretical significance, the concept of demotia, like many other Eurasian concepts, has not been developed in detail. Meanwhile, demotia, as a concept proposing new principles of self-government, is of special interest and still has a certain practical potential. In Russia, the introduction of the beginnings of local self-government is associated with the Great Reforms of Alexander II. However, the acquired rights were deemed insufficient. Of the constructive criticism of reforms in the sphere of self-government, the most consistent was the theory of A.I. Herzen (communal socialism). It was in it that the Eurasians saw the basis for the future organization of the Eurasian space, which received its form in the concept of demotia. The article examines the views of a number of Eurasians on demotia. According to their views, demotia is the most important principle of self-government, which implements the method of organic representation of the people at all levels of government (N.N. Alekseev); being a Eurasian demotic system - ί, it is fundamentally different from the Western democratic - ί (Ya.D. Sadovsky). They also pointed to the political homogeneity of the demotic system, which was seen as a huge advantage over the multiparty democratic system of the West (N.S. Trubetskoy). As a result of the study, it is concluded that demotia was a necessary part of the ideocracy-demotia construct, actively promoted in the works of the Eurasians, as a project to create a truly classless and harmonious society. Demotia combines the idea of the Eurasian nationality (the circle of traditional ideas of the Eurasian peoples) and the principle of direct democracy, which reconciles the idea of an ethnos as a people as a whole with its traditional ideas and specific ways of being and the idea of a demos as a political people.

To whom and why F. M. Dostoevsky is precious?

The article is devoted to the analysis of F. M. Dostoevsky’s work regarding his 200th anniversary. The author aims to reveal to whom and why the great writer and thinker is precious, and how his work is perceived in Serbia. He tries to evaluate what contributes to and what hinders the comprehension of the F. M. Dostoevsky phenomenon. The author notes that veneration for such a writer can be fully expressed when everyone who has mastered literacy starts reading at least one of his works and feels the field of attraction and repulsion, which does not always correlate with the problem field of scientific F. M. Dostoevsky studies. Unfortunately, the author states that the youth do not initially develop an elementary desire to necessarily be included in the literary classics in such conditions when the entire system of basic education seems to be subordinated to the task of discouraging any desire to read on their own, and even more so to feel and reflect. Interest in «Crime and punishment» is almost impossible to arouse basing on stereotypical comments with a retelling of the plot, some elements of which are included in the tests for the subject devoid of attractiveness. And the plot, moreover, is fully conveyed by the half-page versions of the novel, which are prepared by enterprising interpreters precisely for passing the test as the optimal form of attestation. At the same time, the judgments of foreign writers are used surprisingly widely, and at the same time thoughtlessly – the main thing is that they have an appropriate image. Over time, it becomes more and more obvious that few contemporary writers can compare to F. M. Dostoevsky both in the depth and completeness of ideas about the real life of a Russian person, especially in the scope of its spheres, and in the insight of the analysis of everything that happened and which inevitably followed from what was happening. For a century and a half, F. M. Dostoevsky has remained an unparalleled bearer of the conscience of mankind, a kind of seismograph of the coming upheavals. The author states that in Serbia, the reverent perception of F. M. Dostoevsky, which was formed under the influence of the Russian religious emigration, dominates. A separate topic is also the impressive activity and productivity of the Serbian scientific F. M. Dostoevsky studies. Finally, if all this we project onto the Belarusians, then it would be appropriate to say that F. M. Dostoevsky is the bearer of special patriotism manifested not in superficial pathos, which usually serves either self-praise or complacency, but in soberly analytical and constructive criticism, which presupposes, first of all, self-criticism, as an indispensable component of sound national self-awareness.

El Benchmarking como herramienta para el logro de calidad y eficiencia ante la burocratización mecanizada en los servicios de las instituciones

Los servicios prestados por las organizaciones son evaluados por los usuarios en sus procesos, el estilo de atención y la satisfacción que brindan sus resultados. Esta investigación analizó la experiencia que los usuarios han tenido con la atención que reciben en los servicios públicos, formulando una crítica constructiva a la burocratización mecanizada. El principal objetivo de la investigación fue determinar cómo afectan los procesos burocratizados a los usuarios del servicio en tiempo, costo y beneficio. La metodología seguida fue un análisis crítico deductivo correlacional, con un planteamiento heurístico, como base de cambio y solución a los problemas de la burocratización en los procesos. Esta investigación analizó la experiencia que los usuarios han tenido con la atención que reciben en los servicios públicos, a fin de identificar los indicadores para una propuesta de mejora, que contrarreste la burocratización mecanizada mediante la aplicación de la herramienta de Benchmarking. Se buscó alternativas de cambio en la gestión administrativa, ya que bien fundamentada es un conductor del mejoramiento en los trámites y de la satisfacción del usuario. Los resultados mostraron que la insatisfacción es moderadamente alta y que las instituciones públicas, en comparación con las privadas, necesitan reestructura e innovación inmediata. Palabras clave: benchmarking, burocratización mecanizada, calidad de servicio, procesos, satisfacción del cliente. ABSTRACT he services provided by the organizations are evaluated by the users in their processes, the style of attention, and the satisfaction that their results provide. This research analyzed the experience that users have had with the care they receive in public services, thus formulating a constructive criticism of mechanized bureaucratization. The main objective of the research was to determine how to control the bureaucratized processes to the users of the service in time, cost and benefit The methodology followed was a correlational deductive critical analysis, with a heuristic approach as a basis for change and solution to the problems of bureaucratization in processes. This research analyzed the experience that users have had with the care they receive in public services to identify the indicators for a proposal for mprovement, which counteracts mechanized bureaucratization through the application of the Benchmarking tool, to find alternatives for change in the administrative management, since well-founded is a driver of improvement in procedures and user satisfaction. The results obtained show that dissatisfaction is moderately high, and that public institutions compared to private ones need immediate restructuring and innovation. Keywords: Benchmarking, mechanized bureaucratization, processes quality of service, customer support.

Development of Social and Intercultural Competence in Students through Peer Assessment

This article presents the results from research into the development of social and intercultural competence in student teachers through peer assessment. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the degree to which peer assessment can influence the development of competencies. Also, to formulate recommendations for the integration of peer assessment in the education of students towards the development of social and intercultural competence. The theoretical analysis is based on a review of the scientific literature on social and intercultural competence and peer assessment, and it is followed by a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Twenty-five students, training to be teachers at Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of pedagogy, participated in the study. Each of them wrote an essay on intercultural competence and each of the students reviewed three of their colleagues' essays. The research confirms that providing feedback helps the development of social and intercultural competence in two directions: students form skills for providing constructive feedback and criticism; and they develop their abilities for accepting feedback, reflecting on their strengths and weaknesses, which leads to striving for self-improvement. Another conclusion, based on the analysis is, that by providing detailed instructions prior to peer assessment, by organizing a subsequent discussion and reflection, students would improve their skills in providing feedback, constructive criticism, considering the ideas of others with respect, understanding different perspectives. Hence, the study confirms that peer assessment provides educational opportunities for the development of social and intercultural competence.

An Exploration of Leadership Qualities Demonstrated During Level II Fieldwork

Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. This project identified the leadership characteristics that master’s-level OT students demonstrate during their Level II fieldwork. Fieldwork educators reported that their students are effective communicators, show respect for employees, and respond to constructive criticism. Areas of improvement for the students include seeking out resources to drive action for change, taking risks by sharing new approaches, and taking on leadership roles by implementing new protocols. Primary Author and Speaker: Amy Maurer Additional Authors and Speakers: Breanna Chycinski, Kristin Willey Contributing Authors: Summer Besteman, Jessica Mooney, and Katelyn Hartman

MAQĀṢID AL-SYARĪ’AH DALAM TINJAUAN PEMIKIRAN IBNU ‘ĀSYŪR DAN JASSER AUDA

This paper examines the comparative maqāṣid al-syarī’ah in the thoughts of ibn 'āsyūr and jasser auda, preceded by examining the construction of maqāṣid al-syarī’ah thinking of ibnu' āsyur and jasser auda which contains the background of thought, maqāṣid al- theory. shārī 'ah, and the method of determining the maqāṣid al-syarī’ah. This paper also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the similarities and differences between the maqāṣid al-syarī’ah which was initiated by Ibn 'Āsyūr and Jasser Auda. Not to forget that this type of research is library research using a comparative approach. The results show that the similarities of maqāṣid al-syarī’ah ibnu āsyūr and jasser auda both make constructive criticism of the traditional model maqâsid for various reasons, while the difference is that the concept of maqāṣid asy-syarīʻah is offered with their background backgrounds. The weaknesses of the maqāṣid al-syarī'ah Ibn 'Āsyūr are that the big idea is still the same as that of Imam al-Shāṭibī such as the method of istiqrā' and the way of expressing the aims of shari 'by paying attention to the form of amar, nahi which has a clear start, while the lack of maqāṣid al-syarīʻah Jasser Auda is in the author's opinion setting aside the turast tradition.

Urgensi Supervisi Pendidikan Di Sekolah

Quality of educational institutions is supported by several elements of the system including educational supervision carried out by school principals as supervisors as mandated by the Minister of National Education Regulation (Permendiknas) Number 13 of 2007 concerning Standards for Principals who must supervise education in the form of supervision and assessment of teacher performance. and employees who aim to assist teachers and employees in achieving educational goals ranging from planning, implementation and evaluation so that they can be optimal in carrying out institutional tasks within an organizational frame that leads to institutional quality. Educational supervision functions to coordinate all school efforts including all stakeholders in the school organization and expand experience through giving constructive criticism from the principal to teachers and employees. References for educational supervision include curriculum components, curriculum content and curriculum development strategies, improvement of teaching references in terms of making lesson plans, optimizing educational functions and educational goals as stated in the school's vision and mission.

The phenomenon of ≪soft power≫ in the aspect of philosophical understanding of political being

The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of «soft power» and its role in the dynamics of the political life of modern society. Various methodological interpretations of «soft power» in the context of national political systems are analyzed. The emphasis is placed on the need to take into account constructive criticism, which allows us to explore the destructive aspects of the phenomenon of «soft power» in real politics. It is concluded that the concept of «soft power» undergoes constant changes and is also influenced by factors of real national policy, and the interpretation of this term depends on the context in which specific political strategies it is considered.