scholarly journals Hypothesis of the conjunct expression gene: can random mutation explain the phenotypic variability?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor A Zapata Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

If the environmental conditions can or not influence in the phenotype evolution, is a topic that has been discussed during the last ten years. The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act in specific genes of the somatic cells involved in a behavior also act in the partial transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. The functional role of the isochores as an epigenetic determinant regulator of the transcription and therefore of gene expression levels is discussed. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can integrate all the evidence pointing to a conjunct phenotype evolution with the environment. This work provides a new point of view on how the environment can influence in adaptation through natural selection considering the theory currently accepted.

scholarly journals Hypothesis of the conjunct expression gene: can random mutation explain the phenotypic variability?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor A Zapata Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

If the environmental conditions can or not influence in the phenotype evolution, is a topic that has been discussed during the last ten years. The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act in specific genes of the somatic cells involved in a behavior also act in the partial transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. The functional role of the isochores as an epigenetic determinant regulator of the transcription and therefore of gene expression levels is discussed. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can integrate all the evidence pointing to a conjunct phenotype evolution with the environment. This work provides a new point of view on how the environment can influence in adaptation through natural selection considering the theory currently accepted.

scholarly journals Hypothesis of the conjunct expression gene: can random mutation explain the phenotypic variability?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor A Zapata Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

If the environmental conditions can or not influence in the phenotype evolution, is a topic that has been discussed during the last ten years. The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act in specific genes of the somatic cells involved in a behavior also act in the partial transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. The functional role of the isochores as an epigenetic determinant regulator of the transcription and therefore of gene expression levels is discussed. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can integrate all the evidence pointing to a conjunct phenotype evolution with the environment. This work provides a new point of view on how the environment can influence in adaptation through natural selection considering the theory currently accepted.

scholarly journals Can random mutation explain phenotypic variability?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Alejandro Zapata Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Joint Evolution

The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all differentiated cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act on specific genes of the somatic cell involved in a behavior also act on the transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can explain the evolution of the phenotypes and integrate all the evidence pointing to a joint evolution with the environment.

scholarly journals Can random mutation explain the phenotypic variability?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Alejandro Zapata Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all differentiated cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act on specific genes of the somatic cell involved in a behavior also act on the transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can explain the evolution of the phenotypes and integrate all the evidence pointing to a conjunct evolution with the environment.

scholarly journals Hypothesis of the conjunct expression gene: can random mutation explain the phenotypic variability?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor A Zapata Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all differentiated cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act in specific genes of the somatic cells involved in a behavior also act in the partial transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can explain the evolution of the phenotypes and integrate all the evidence pointing to a conjunct evolution with the environment.

scholarly journals Can random mutation explain the phenotypic variability?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor A Zapata Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all differentiated cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act in specific genes of the somatic cells involved in a behavior also act in the partial transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can explain the evolution of the phenotypes and integrate all the evidence pointing to a conjunct evolution with the environment.

scholarly journals Bile Acids in Dementia: Brain Amyloid, White Matter Lesions, and Atrophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 767-768
Author(s):  
Vijay Varma ◽  
Youjin Wang ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Sudhir Varma ◽  
Murat Bilgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Pharmacological Modulation ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Step Study ◽  
Brain Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract While Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) may be accelerated by hypercholesterolemia, the mechanisms underlying this association is unclear. Using a novel, 3-step study design we examined the role of cholesterol catabolism in dementia by testing whether 1) the synthesis of the primary cholesterol breakdown products (bile acids (BA)) were associated with neuroimaging markers of dementia; 2) pharmacological modulation of BAs alters dementia risk; and 3) brain BA concentrations and gene expression were associated with AD. We found that higher serum concentrations of BAs are associated with lower brain amyloid deposition, slower WML accumulation, and slower brain atrophy in males. Opposite effects were observed in females. Modulation of BA levels alters risk of incident VaD in males. Altered brain BA signaling at the metabolite and gene expression levels occurs in AD. Dysregulation of peripheral cholesterol catabolism and BA synthesis may impact dementia pathogenesis through signaling pathways in the brain.

Liberties and Litigation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Market Rules ◽  
The Government

The guilds were essential allies in the operation of the regulatory system, which can be considered an early-modern example of a public/private partnership. Not only were the guilds the chief ‘customers’ of the court, providing much of the funding for public officials, they also had the authority to enforce market rules in their own sector. The price paid for their cooperation was the confirmation of their privileges and the division of the economy into separate sectors. This chapter emphasizes the functional role of guild litigation as opposed to the rhetoric that has surrounded it. From the point of view of a ‘command economy’, guild litigation served no useful purpose. The government considered it to be a waste of money, ‘petty disputes’ of no real significance.

scholarly journals Association of intronic DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation alterations in the epigenetic etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. H168-H180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Tabish ◽  
Mohammed Arif ◽  
Taejeong Song ◽  
Zaher Elbeck ◽  
Richard C. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Wild Type Phenotype ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

In this study, we investigated the role of DNA methylation [5-methylcytosine (5mC)] and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), epigenetic modifications that regulate gene activity, in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). A MYBPC3 mutant mouse model of DCM was compared with wild type and used to profile genomic 5mC and 5hmC changes by Chip-seq, and gene expression levels were analyzed by RNA-seq. Both 5mC-altered genes (957) and 5hmC-altered genes (2,022) were identified in DCM hearts. Diverse gene ontology and KEGG pathways were enriched for DCM phenotypes, such as inflammation, tissue fibrosis, cell death, cardiac remodeling, cardiomyocyte growth, and differentiation, as well as sarcomere structure. Hierarchical clustering of mapped genes affected by 5mC and 5hmC clearly differentiated DCM from wild-type phenotype. Based on these data, we propose that genomewide 5mC and 5hmC contents may play a major role in DCM pathogenesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our data demonstrate that development of dilated cardiomyopathy in mice is associated with significant epigenetic changes, specifically in intronic regions, which, when combined with gene expression profiling data, highlight key signaling pathways involved in pathological cardiac remodeling and heart contractile dysfunction.

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