scholarly journals The use of geological and geophysical methods to constrain the genesis of earth mounds at archaeological sites in the Jasło Foothills (south-eastern Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr GĘBICA ◽  
Wojciech PASTERKIEWICZ ◽  
Bernadeta RAJCHEL
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Geological And Geophysical Methods

A LOOK INTO THE EARTH: EVALUATING THE USE OF MAGNETIC SURVEY IN AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Magnavita ◽  
Norbert Schleifer
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Prehistoric Settlements ◽  
Present Case Study

In the last decades, geophysical methods such as magnetic survey have become a common technique for prospecting archaeological sites. At sub-Saharan archaeological sites, however, magnetic survey and correlated techniques never came into broad use and there are no signs for an immediate change of this situation. This paper examines the magnetic survey undertaken on the Nigerian site of Zilum, a settlement of the Gajiganna Culture (ca 1800-400 BC) located in the Chad Basin and dated to ca 600-400 BC. By means of the present case study, we demonstrate the significance of this particular type of investigation in yielding complementary data for understanding the character of prehistoric settlements. In conclusion, we point out that geophysical methods should play a more important role in modern archaeological field research, as they furnish a class of documentation not achievable by traditional survey and excavation methods, thus creating new perspectives for interpreting the past of African societies.

scholarly journals Geology and geophysics at the archeological park of Vulci (central Italy)

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marchetti ◽  
Vincenzo Sapia ◽  
Adriano Garello ◽  
Donatella De Rita ◽  
Alessandra Venuti
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Geological Map

<p>The Vulci archeological site was object of interest by the Soprintendenza ai beni culturali dell’Etruria meridionale (Italian government department responsible for southern Etruria’s cultural heritage) since the beginning of the 20th century. In 2001, the Ministero dei Beni Culturali (Italian ministry of cultural heritage) along with the local authorities, opened a natural-archeological park. In this area, it lies most of the ancient Etruscan city of Velch (today known by its Latin name, Vulci) including the Osteria Necropolis that is the object of this study. Recently, new archaeological excavations were made and the local authorities needed major geological information about the volcanic lithotypes where the Etruscans used to build their necropolis. The aim of this study is to define the geological and geophysical characteristics of the rock lithotypes present in the Vulci park. For this purpose, a geological map of the area (1:10000) has been realized. Moreover, two different geophysical methods were applied: measurements of magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity tomography. Magnetic susceptibility analyses clearly identify magnetic contrasts between different lithotypes; the characteristics of the pyroclastic flow that originated the Sorano unit 2 and its vertical facies variations are well recorded by this parameter that along with lithostratigraphic observations provides information about the depositional conditions. Two electrical resistivity tomographies were performed, which show the Sorano unit 2 thickness to be of c. 7 m with resistivity values ranging from 200 to 400 Ω·m. This kind of multidisciplinary approach resulted to be suitable to study this type of archaeological sites, revealing that areas characterized by a relevant thickness and wide areal extension of volcanic lithotypes can be a potential site where Etruscans might have excavated their necropolis.</p>

The growth of trade among the Igbo before 1880

1972 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Northrup
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Early Date ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Trading Networks

The peoples of south-eastern Nigeria have been involved in trade for as long as there are any records. The archaeological sites at Igbo-Ukwu and other evidence reveal long distance trade in metal and beads, as well as regional trade in salt, cloth, and beads at an early date. The lower Niger River and its Delta featured prominently in this early trade, and evidence is offered to suggest a continuity in the basic modes of trade on the lower Niger from c. A.D. 1500 to the mid-nineteenth century. An attempt to sketch the basic economic institutions of the Igbo hinterland before the height of the slave trade stresses regional trading networks in salt, cloth, and metal, the use of currencies, and a nexus of religious and economic institutions and persons. It is argued that while the growth of the slave trade appears to have been handled without major changes in the overall patterns of trade along the lower Niger, in the Igbo hinterland a new marketing ‘grid’, dominated by the Arochuku traders, was created using the pre-existent regional trading networks and religious values as a base.

INTERDEPENDENCE IN WORLD‐WIDE OIL EXPLORATION

Geophysics ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-325
Author(s):  
D. C. Ion
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Geological And Geophysical Methods ◽  
Early Training

Current exploration for oil is being conducted by governments, major integrated oil companies, independent oil companies and syndicates, all of whom have different interests. The interdependence of the various aspects of exploration, production, transportation, refining and consumption within the oil industry is obvious; but the interdependence of the producing, transit, refining, and consuming countries has only recently been realized by the world. Within the exploration branch of the oil industry the mutual dependence of geological and geophysical methods has become generally accepted over the past thirty years. Good early training and collaboration along the whole chain of exploration can solve many industrial problems, and education can solve the world‐wide problems between countries

Multi‐fold GPR study of archaeological sites in south‐eastern Kazakhstan

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Pipan ◽  
Luca Baradello ◽  
Alessandro Prizzon ◽  
Icilio Finetti
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

scholarly journals Archaeological geophysics in Israel: past, present and future

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Eppelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Archaeological Objects

Abstract. In Israel occur a giant number of archaeological objects of various age, origin and size. Different kinds of noise complicate geophysical methods employment at archaeological sites. Geodynamical active, multi-layered, and geologically variable surrounding media in many cases damages ancient objects and disturbs their physical properties. This calls to application of different geophysical methods armed by the modern interpretation technology. The main attention is focused on the geophysical methods most frequently applying in Israeli archaeological sites: GPR and high-precise magnetic survey. Other methods (paleomagnetic, resistivity, near-surface seismics, piezoelectric, etc.) are briefly described and reviewed. The number of employed geophysical methodologies is constantly increasing, and now Israeli territory may be considered as a peculiar polygon for various geophysical methods testing. Several examples illustrate effective application of geophysical methods over some typical archaeological remains. The geophysical investigations at archaeological sites in Israel could be tentatively divided on three stages: (1) past (1990), (2) present (1990–2009), and (3) future (2010). The past stage with several archaeoseismic reviews and very limited application of geophysical methods was replaced by the present stage with the violent employment of numerous geophysical techniques. It is supposed that the future stage will be characterized by extensive development of multidiscipline physical-archaeological databases, employment of all possible indicators for 4-D monitoring and ancient sites reconstruction, as well as application of combined geophysical multilevel surveys using remote operated vehicles at low altitudes.

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