Identification of Buried "Archeological" Objects in the Area around Kedulan Temple using Geomagnetic Methods

Temple is a religion place for ancient culture, Yogyakarta have many incridible temples one of the biggest is Prambanan temple. 2 Km to the north west direction from Perambanan temple located the Kedulans temple who still on renovation projects. Kedulan Temple is located in Tirtomartani Village, Kalasan District, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region, at coordinates 7° 44' 28" South Latitude and 110° 28' 5" East Longitude, with an altitude of 168, 45 meters above sea level. Kedulan Temple was found in a collapsed state and buried volcanic material from Mount Merapi. Based on the results of a stratigraphic study conducted by Pramumijoyo, et al., (2005) this temple is covered by 8 meters thick lava which is composed of 14 layers of sediment. To obtain information on the existence of archaeological objects that are still buried around the temple in this study, geophysical measurements were carried out using the geomagnetic method which aims to determine the potential for buried archaeological objects in this case assumed to be igneous rocks that have contrasting susceptibility. Based on the geomagnetic signal analytic map obtained, there is a magnetic anomaly which is suspected to be a hidden temple object which is bordered by a black line which is about 50 meters to the east of Kedulan Temple. This assumption is based on a high magnetic anomaly value >480 nT which is thought to originate from the temple rock object in the form of andesite rock.

The Entry Into Jerusalem Archaeological Complex of Tsarevokokshaysk (17th - 19th Centuries)

The article presents the historical and archaeological characteristics of the territory adjacent to the Entry into Jerusalem Church of the Tsarevokokshaysk. The substantiation is presented that in this part of the historical center of Yoshkar-Ola there is a complex of interrelated archaeological objects that existed here in the time interval from the first decades of the life of the Tsarev town on Kokshaga River to the beginning of the 20th century. The Entry into Jerusalem archaeological complex consists of a historical necropolis of the 17th – mid-18th century, foundation of the Entry into Jerusalem Church built in 1759, remnants of the Rozhdestvenskaya Sloboda of the second half of the 18th – 19th centuries and structures belonging to the Bogoroditse–Sergievsky Monastery of the late 19th century. The authors use archival sources, which, when compared with the data on archaeological research, give an idea of the historical topography of this part of Tsarevokokshaysk in the 17th – 19th centuries.

Social Transformations and Resilience

The amazing goblet known as the ‘Tassilo Liutpirc Chalice’ is one of the most significant archaeological objects from the eighth century AD. Surprisingly, the animal figures that adorn it have close parallels with the creatures of the Germanic Animal styles from the fifth century onwards. This paper explores the deeply-rooted traditions behind this, and the social, cultural and political mechanisms that sustained its continuity, transcending the boundaries of epochs and religions. It is argued that a supra-regional network of workshops was the driving force in the development of this sophisticated imagery.

Archaeological and Geological Research for the Reconstruction of Settlement and Habitation Models along Hadzhiyska River and the Southern Slopes of Eminska Mountain, Bulgaria

The main objective of this paper is to present the fieldwork results ofarchaeological and geological investigations in the area of Hadjiyska river and the southern slopesof Eminska Stara Planina in Bulgaria. The area of interest is home to a large number ofarcheological findings dating back from the Late Antiquity (4-6th c.) and the Middle Ages (7-18thc.), and fewer from older periods (prehistorical, Thracian and Roman periods). Geologicalobservations show presence of alluvial, prolluvial-delluvial, and prolluvial hollocen sediments.Combining the results of archaeological and geological research allowed for (i) the verification ofthe hypothesis that older archaeological objects are covered by accumulated sediments, and (ii) anattempt to look into the livelihood in the area.

AND SETTLEMENTS AT THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC RAKHAT SITE (LAYER 2) IN SOUTHEASTERN KAZAKHSTAN

История изучения верхнего палеолита Казахстана начинается с 1940-х гг. К сегодняшнему моменту открыты единицы стоянок с погребенными культурными останками. На некоторых из них в разное время фиксировались уровни обитания с остатками поселений, содержавших углубленные очаги, кострища, прокалы и т. д. Но подробные публикации этих материалов отсутствуют. Неудовлетворительная сохранность органических останков и продуктов горения в лессовидных суглинках мешали полноценному изучению и уверенной интерпретации различного рода объектов. В 2019 г. на стоянке Рахат удалось обнаружить культурные слои (слои 1-3) с каменными находками и археологическими объектами в виде ям различной функциональной принадлежности. В статье делается попытка обследовать и структурировать объекты с выделением жилой площадки в наиболее информативном культурном слое 2. В совокупном единстве каменный инвентарь из слоев 1-3 стоянки Рахат находит аналогии среди памятников начала эпипалеолита Ближнего Востока и Средней Азии (кебаран, ранний зарзиан, ~20-18 тыс. л. н.). The history of studies related to the Upper Paleolithic in Kazakhstan began in the 1940s. Very few sites with buried human remains have been discovered so far. Some sites reveal occupation layers with remains of settlements and traces of sunken hearths, fire pits, calcined fragments, etc., dating to different periods. However, there are no relevant publications of these materials. Poor preservation conditions of organic residue and combustion products in loess-like loams prevent scholars from studies of all aspects of various objects and offer their interpretation with confidence. Excavations conducted at Rakhat in 2019 revealed occupation layers (layers 1-3) with stone finds and archaeological objects such as pits of various functions. The paper attempts to explore and present these objects in a structured mode in order to identify a dwelling site in occupation layer 2, which is the most informative. Stone tools coming from Rakhat layers 1-3 find analogies among the sites dating from the early stage of the Epipaleolithic of Near East and Central Asia (Kebaran, early Zarzian, ca. 20 000-18 000 years ago).

Pemetaan batuan penyusun candi di bawah permukaan berdasarkan metode geomagnetik studi kasus: cagar budaya candi Songgiriti desa Songgokerto kecamatan Batu kota Batu

The geomagnetic method is often used in petroleum, geothermal and mineral exploration and can be applied to searching prospect archaeological objects (Siahaan, 2009). Several studies has been used the geomagnetic method to seek for archaeological objects by Ariani (2012) in Losari Temples and Sismanto et al (1997) in Kedulan Temple. In Batu City there is one of the cultural heritage that have not been intact called Songgoriti Temple. So, in this research we expected the existence of temple’s rocks using geomagnetic method. The de sign of the research using geomagnetic methods begins with the study of litera ture. This research was conducted with two methods there is calculating the val ue of the magnetic susceptibility of samples Temple’s rock using Bartington Susceptibility Meter MS2B and retrieving data field using the Proton magneto meter type ENVI SCINTREX. In the end of this research, we accepted the re sults of the two methods were compared to find out the site rock of temple. In magnetometer data analysis, data is processed using Magpick software, surfer 9.0 software and Mag2dc software. The results of the research show that a local magnetic field patterns of rocks in the area of cultural heritage Songgoriti Tem ple is divided into three parts namely high local magnetic field (yellow to red), the moderate local magnetic field (green to yellow) and low local magnetic field (blue). Furthermore based on five cross-sectional modeling using Mag2dc, we obtained the prediction the site of temple Songgoriti that is the sample number 1 found on the 2 position i.e at coordinates 49S 664547.5m 9130115m and coor dinate 49S 664585m 9130105m; sample number 3 found on the 2 position i.e at coordinates 49S 664583m 9130100m and coordinate 49S 664585m 9130100m; sample number 4 found on the 2 position i.e. at coordinates 49S 664577.5m 9130115m and coordinate 49S 664577.5m 9130110m; sample number 5 found on the 3 position i.e. at coordinates 49S 664566m 9130095m, coordinates 49S 664573m 9130095m and coordinate 49S 664582.5 m 9130095m; sample num ber 6 is found in 5 position i.e. at coordinates 49S 664545.5 m 9130110m, coordinates 49S 664550m 9130110m, coordinates 49S 664546m 9130105m, coordinates 49S 664565m 9130105m and coordinates 49S 664562.5 m 9130100m. For sample number 2 that is not found at all in the five models cross section. This may be caused by the value of the magnetic susceptibility sample number 2 is minor when compared to another samples that is 0.86 x 10-6 m3/kg

THE FIRST 14C LABORATORY IN MEXICO: THE BASIS OF A NEW RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICISTS AND ARCHAEOLOGISTS

ABSTRACT The development of dating with radiocarbon (14C) by W. F. Libby and his colleagues, and its immediate application to archaeological objects from Mexico, aroused the interest of Mexican archaeological community, especially from the Prehistory Direction of the INAH. Joining efforts, the Institute of Physic of UNAM and INAH set up the first 14C laboratory in 1954. Augusto Moreno, who had worked and learned the technique with Libby in Chicago, was named the researcher in charge of this laboratory. We present the chronology of the project to install the first 14C laboratory in Mexico and some of the archaeological research projects that used the 14C dating technique carried out in Mexico in the 1960s.

Fatty Acids and Their Metal Salts: A Review of Their Infrared Spectra in Light of Their Presence in Cultural Heritage

In a cultural heritage context, fatty acids are usually found as breakdown products of lipid-containing organic remains in archaeological findings, binders in aged oil paintings, and additives in modern art-related materials. They may further interact with the ionic environment transforming into metal soaps, a process that has been recognized as a threat in aged paintings but has received less attention in archaeological objects. The investigation of the above related categories of materials with infrared spectroscopy can provide an overall picture of the organic components’ identity and demonstrate their condition and prehistory. The capability of investigating and distinguishing fatty acids and their metal soaps through their rich infrared features, such as the acidic carbonyl, the carboxylate shifts, the variable splits of alkyl chain stretching, bending, twisting, wagging, and rocking vibrations, as well as the hydroxyl peak envelopes and acid dimer bands, allows for their direct detailed characterization. This paper reviews the infrared spectra of selected saturated fatty monoacids and diacids, and their corresponding sodium, calcium, and zinc salts and, supported by newly recorded data, highlights the significance of their spectroscopic features.