scholarly journals O artigo 64.º da Constituição da República Portuguesa: saúde

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Crisóstomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Free Healthcare

Article 64 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, on Health, has been the object of several amendments over the last 30 years. The timing, sequence and content of these changes are described and analysed in relation to key public health policy measures, taking into account their legal and constitutional implications, the historical-institutional context and its relationship with external factors. The changes proposed during the most recent constitutional review process, in 2010, which was not concluded or implemented, are also described and examined. Finally, the paper discusses the implementation of the three main principles governing the National Health Service: universality, generality, and the tendency towards free healthcare.

scholarly journals The effects of heterogeneity and stochastic variability of behaviours on the intrinsic dynamics of epidemics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Berestycki ◽  
Benoit Desjardins ◽  
Bruno Heintz ◽  
Jean-Marc Oury
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
New Model ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Thau Lagoon

We report here on a campaign of weekly measurements of concentration of SARS-Cov-2 in wastewater in several treatment plants around the Thau lagoon in the Southwest of France over a nine month period of time. The use of Digital PCR yielded very precise measurements. The observations thus generated exhibit a rough stabilization on plateaus of the epidemic and other remarkable features. Such plateaus are widely reported in the setting of the Covid-19 pandemics. In this paper we raise the question of why such plateaus and other features of epidemics dynamics arise. Indeed, the classical SIR model and its extensions hardly provide an explanation for such behavior. To address this question we introduce here a new model, which takes into account heterogeneity and natural variability of behaviors in populations. Owing to this model, we show that features such as plateaus, rebounds, and shoulders are part of the intrinsic dynamics of an epidemic. In particular, in the context of the Thau lagoon, we argue that they are not generated by public health policy measures or psychological reactions of the population. We then show that this model fits very well the measures obtained around the Thau lagoon.

Public Health: Policy and Politics

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Baggott ◽  
David J Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy

Fat, Stigma, and Public Health Policy

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Crimin ◽  
Carol T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Fat Stigma

Federal Public Health Authority

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burris ◽  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Matthew Penn, and ◽  
Tara Ramanathan Holiday
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Commerce Clause ◽  
Individual Mandate ◽  
National Federation ◽  
Health Laws ◽  
Health Regulations

This chapter explores the powers of Congress to pass federal public health laws and to delegate authority to federal agencies. The chapter starts with an explanation of Congress’s limited, enumerated powers and how this limits Congress to certain arenas of authority. It next explores the evolution Congress’s use of the Commerce Clause to pass public health laws, before exploring Congress’s use of the Taxing and Spending Clause. The chapter provides examples of how Congress has used both the Commerce Clause and its taxing and spending power to effectuate public health policy. Next, the chapter explains the National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius case; it details challenges to the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate and Medicaid and explains the implications of the Supreme Court’s holdings. Lastly, the chapter explains Congress’s authority to delegate authority to federal administrative agencies to issue and enforce public health regulations.

Persons with Disabilities and Public Health Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Monika Mitra ◽  
Linda Long-Bellil ◽  
Robyn Powell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Health Policy And Practice

This chapter draws on medical, social, and legal perspectives to identify and highlight ethical issues pertaining to the treatment, representation, and inclusion of persons with disabilities in public health policy and practice. A brief history of disability in the United States is provided as a context for examining the key ethical issues related to public health policy and practice. Conceptual frameworks and approaches to disability are then described and applied. The chapter then discusses the imperativeness of expanding access to public health programs by persons with disabilities, the need to address implicit and structural biases, and the importance of including persons with disabilities in public health decision-making.

scholarly journals Television News Coverage of Public Health Issues and Implications for Public Health Policy and Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Gollust ◽  
Erika Franklin Fowler ◽  
Jeff Niederdeppe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Television News ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Tv News ◽  
Health Policy And Practice

Television (TV) news, and especially local TV news, remains an important vehicle through which Americans obtain information about health-related topics. In this review, we synthesize theory and evidence on four main functions of TV news in shaping public health policy and practice: reporting events and information to the public (surveillance); providing the context for and meaning surrounding health issues (interpretation); cultivating community values, beliefs, and norms (socialization); and attracting and maintaining public attention for advertisers (attention merchant). We also identify challenges for TV news as a vehicle for improving public health, including declining audiences, industry changes such as station consolidation, increasingly politicized content, potential spread of misinformation, and lack of attention to inequity. We offer recommendations for public health practitioners and researchers to leverage TV news to improve public health and advance health equity.

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