A clinical study of effect of peri-tonsillar infiltration of ropivacaine on tonsillectomy haemorrhage

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of this study to determine the relationship between the peritonsillar infiltration of ropivacaine hydrochloride and haemorrhage in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods </strong>This prospective study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, Adichunchanagiri institute of medical sciences, B. G. Nagara, Mandya district. A sample size of 30 patients which satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the study. <strong></strong></p><p>Ropivacaine (0.75%)<strong> </strong>was locally infiltrated on the right side (R-side) in the peri-tonsillar region before the surgery. The left side was considered as the control side. Intra-operative blood loss was estimated separately for both the sides. The data from the study will be analysed using chi square test and Student t test technique.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The 17 (56.7%) females and 13 (43.3%) males participated in the study. Majority of the cases belonged to &lt;10 years of age group. By analysing the data, blood loss was found to be higher on the left side (control side) compared to the right side on which peri-tonsillar infiltration of ropivacaine was given. The association between the blood loss on the right side and the left side (control side) was found to be significant (p&lt;0.0001).<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the result of our study it can be derived that the peri-tonsillar infiltration of Ropivacaine (0.75%) is very effective in reducing intra-operative bleeding and at the same time providing a better bloodless field during surgery. Hence, we recommend the use of peri-tonsillar infiltration of Ropivacaine (0.75%) in view of better management of intra-operative blood lossissn.2454-5929.ijohns20220041</p>

Histometric and Histological Analysis of Bone to Screw Contact Between Metallic and Absorbable 2.0 Fixation System: A Pilot Study in Dogs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the bone/screw interface of a titanium IF system and an absorbable IF system.Materials and methodsTwelve male adult dogs were subjected to osteotomy performed between the third and fourth mandibular premolars, been divided into two groups (control or experimental side). Two miniplates were applied to fix mandible fragments. Histometric values for bone-to-screw contact (BSC), bone-to-screw distance (BSD) and histological findings were evaluated at 2 and 18 weeks.ResultsDifference in BSC were detected from absorbable and metallic monocortical group on the experimental side at 2 weeks (p = 0.0041). Larger BSDs were detected at buccal bicortical absorbable experimental sides (p = 0.0041), with larger distances detected from the vestibular side to the lingual cortical side (p < 0.0001) and on the control side at 18 weeks (p = 0.0143), having metallic group significant BSD results on the experimental side at 2 weeks (p = 0.047). Connective tissue was noted on vestibular cortical side in monocortical and bicortical absorbable screw groups. ConclusionsAbsorbable bicortical screws with splint had histometric and histological behaviors similar to metallic bicortical group at lingual cortical side.Clinical RelevanceInion absorbable bicortical screws did not promote connective tissue formation at lingual cortical side.

Effects of Induced Malocclusion on Vertebral Alignment in Rats: A Controlled Study by CBCTs

This study aimed to evaluate with CBCTs the alteration of vertebral alignment over time of induced malocclusion in rats. Crown pads increasing the vertical dimension of 0.5 mm were applied on the upper molars at one randomly selected side of the maxilla in rats (premature contact side) while the opposite side was left untreated (control side). Four groups were organized, ten animals each. In groups A, B, and C, the crowns were applied at time 0 (t-0). In group A, the crowns were removed after 2 weeks (t-2w) and euthanized after two more weeks, while in groups B and C, the animals were euthanized after 2 and 4 weeks (t-4w), respectively. No premature contacts were applied in group D. CBCTs were taken at t-0 in all animals before applying the crowns, at t-2w in group A before removing the crowns, and in all groups before the euthanasia. The changes in the iliac crest angle (ICA) that formed between the superior external margin of the iliac crest and the vertebral spine were evaluated. In groups A and B, after 2 weeks, the changes in ICA were statistically significant at p = 0.028 and p = 0.042, respectively. In group C, and in the control group D, the changes of ICA were not statistically significant (p = 0.058 and p = 0.414, respectively). In conclusion, the incease in monolateral occlusion in the molar region yielded a rotation of the lumbo-sacral segment towards the same side of the occlusal bite-raising.

3D Real IR MR Findings in Acoustic Neuromas: Altered Perilymph Metabolism

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the perilymph metabolism by analyzing the 3D real IR MR findings in acoustic neuroma (AN) after intravenous administration of gadolinium (Gd). Methods Eleven patients (6 men and 5 women) diagnosed with AN were included, and 3D real IR MRI was performed 4 hours after intravenous Gd injection. The signal intensity and details of inner ear, tumor, and internal auditory canal (IAC) by MRI were analyzed. Results Four patients had tumors confined to the IAC, and 5 had tumors that extended to the cerebellopontine angle cistern. The signal intensity of the cochlea, vestibule, and IAC fundus was conspicuously enhanced in 3D real IR images than the control side. One patient had a tumor in the cochlea, in which the signal intensity of the semicircular canal and vestibule was increased. One patient had an intravestibular tumor in which the signal intensity of the semicircular canal was increased and the cochlea had endolymphatic hydrops in the affected ear. Conclusions The synchronously increased signal intensity in the inner ear and IAC may indicate that IAC may serve as a channel for removal of the perilymph in the inner ear; the blockage by the tumor may have changed the hydrodynamics of the perilymph to cause a longer retention of Gd in the inner ear.

577-nm high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser is safe and effective in the treatment of inflammatory acne: a prospective, single-center, split-face comparative study

Objective This study aimed to appraise the efficacy of a 577-nm high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser (HOPSL) for the treatment of inflammatory acne. Methods The study included 50 patients with acne vulgaris (inflammatory type), 14 men, and 36 women; patient ages ranged from 16 to 35 years. The left side of the face was treated with a single pass of a 577-nm high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser (HOPSL) every 2 weeks for 3 sessions. The severity of acne examined prior to the first session and 4 weeks after the last session (Investigator's Global Assessment of acne severity, IGA; single lesion count). Results At baseline, no statistically significant difference in the severity of inflammatory acne lesions between both sides was observed. One month after the final session, a significant improvement (IGA reduction of > 50%) of the overall severity of acne was observed in 49 patients (98%) on the laser-treated side versus 41 (82%) the control side of the face (P < .05). Hence, we found a significant reduction in the mean percentage of inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules on the laser-treated versus the control side (79.33 vs 56.92, 78.04 vs 43.33, 64.85 vs 21.93%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Side effects in the form of erythema and irritation during sessions were transient and tolerated by the patients. Conclusion The 577-nm high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser is effective and safe for the treatment of inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, and nodules) in acne patients.

Effects of submucosally administered platelet-rich plasma on the rate of tooth movement:

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the effects of submucosally administered platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the rate of maxillary canine retraction. Levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were also measured over 2 months. Materials and Methods This split-mouth trial involved 20 sites in 10 subjects randomly assigned to PRP (experimental) side and control side. After alignment, the freshly prepared PRP was injected submucosally distal to the experimental side maxillary canine, and retraction was performed using NiTi closed-coil springs (150 g) on 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel wire. The rate of canine movement was assessed using digital model superimposition at 0, 30, and 60 days. The OPG and sRANKL were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from GCF collected at 0, 1, 7, 21, 30, and 60 days. Results Twenty sites were analyzed using paired t test. The rate of tooth movement increased significantly by 35% on the PRP side compared with the control side in the first month (P = .0001) and by 14% at the end of the second month (P = .015). Using the Mann–Whitney U test, OPG levels were found to be significantly decreased on the 7th (P = .003) and 30th day on the PRP side (P = .01), while sRANKL became detectable by the third week postinjection on the PRP side (P = .069). Conclusions Submucosal injection of platelet-rich plasma significantly increased tooth movement during the 60-day observation period. Local injection of PRP significantly altered the levels of OPG and sRANKL in GCF.

Relationship between talofibular impingement and increased talar tilt in incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between talofibular impingement and increased talar tilt in incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis. Methods: Incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis was defined as a talar tilt of more than 4° on standard ankle anteroposterior radiographs. We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients with unilateral incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis with normal alignment of the contralateral ankle. All patients underwent bilateral weightbearing computed tomography and standing plain radiographs. The talar tilt and the distance between the talar lateral process and lateral malleolar tip were measured from a standing ankle anteroposterior radiograph of both sides. Talar and fibular spurs were assessed on the coronal and axial views of weightbearing computed tomography. After simulating the correction of the talar tilt in varus ankle osteoarthritis, talofibular bony impingement was reassessed. Results: On the varus side, the distance between the talar lateral process and the lateral malleolar tip was significantly shorter than that on the contralateral side ( p < .001). Talar spur was present in the varus side of all 30 patients on the axial view of weightbearing computed tomography and in the control side of 10 patients. After the simulation of talar tilt correction, talofibular impingement (overlap) occurred in all 30 patients with a larger extent in the severe talar tilt subgroup ( p < .001). Conclusion: Talofibular impingement by lateral gutter osteophytes is closely related to increased talar tilt in patients with incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis. Therefore, lateral gutter osteophytes should be resected to stabilize mortise and improve clinical outcomes.

Evaluation of the effects of cotton roll-biting on debonding pain: a split-mouth study

Introduction: Debonding pain is an unpleasant sensation that is frequently encountered during debonding procedure. Aim of the study: To investigate the effectiveness of cotton roll-biting on pain caused by the debonding procedure. Materials and methods: 102 patients (61 females, 41 males) who were at the debonding stage in orthodontic treatment were included in the research. The study was planned using a split-mouth design: one side of the jaw was the study, and the other side was the control. The anxiety level of participants was measured before debonding. On the study side, debonding was performed while patients were biting a cotton roll. On the control side, debonding was implemented as a routine debonding procedure. Study and control sides were assigned differently in each successive patient. The debonding pain of each tooth was recorded using the Visual Analog Scale prepared separately for each tooth. Shapiro–Wilk and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. For both gender groups, patients were sequenced according to the average amount of pain per tooth. Subsequently, statistical analysis was repeated by using 50% of patients suffering more pain. Results: In the lower second premolar tooth, a statistically significant difference was detected. Pain scores were statistically higher in the study side for this tooth. No statistically significant differences were found for all other teeth. Conclusions: Cotton roll-biting has no alleviating effect on debonding pain. When debonding is performed gently using a squeezing action without applying torsional forces, additional pain relief methods are not required.

Genomics and Pharmacogenomics of Age-Related Hearing Loss

: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) or presbycusis shares common features with conditions related to senescence and neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore the linking of genes involved in such processes with presbycusis, that has been proven to share important relationships with genes involved in dementia (APOE and MTHFR), ototoxicity (the GST group), and pharmacogenetics (NAT2). In this regard, we propose the construction of pharmacogenetics for the presbycusis database that could help better control side effects in this particularly vulnerable population susceptible to neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, preliminary epigenetics studies have recently identified links in human genes involved in ARHL, which could serve as biomarkers or as therapeutic targets.

The effect of 12 weeks of mechanical vibration on root resorption: a micro-CT study

Objective The aim was to investigate the effect of mechanical vibration on root resorption with or without orthodontic force application. Material and methods Twenty patients who required maxillary premolar extractions as part of orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups of 10: no-force group and force group. Using a split-mouth procedure, each patient’s maxillary first premolar teeth were randomly assigned as either vibration or control side for both groups. A buccally directed vibration of 50 Hz, with an Oral-B HummingBird device, was applied to the maxillary first premolar for 10 min/day for 12 weeks. After the force application period, the maxillary first premolars were extracted and scanned with micro-computed tomography. Fiji (ImageJ), performing slice-by-slice quantitative volumetric measurements, was used for resorption crater calculation. Total crater volumes were compared with the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results The total crater volumes in the force and no-force groups were 0.476 mm3 and 0.017 mm3 on the vibration side and 0.462 mm3 and 0.031 mm3 on the control side, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the vibration and control sides (P > 0.05). There was more resorption by volume in the force group when compared to the no-force group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Mechanical vibration did not have a beneficial effect on reducing root resorption; however, force application caused significant root resorption.