Jehovah’s Witnesses and Their Compliance with Regulations on Smoking and Blood Treatment

Jehovah’s Witnesses (JWs) are known as a religious group compliant with the national laws in the case of smoking, but not-compliant when it comes to blood treatment. Their beliefs prevent them from taking part in a blood transfusion, which is widely included in standard methods of a life-saving treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the behavior of JWs regarding their approach to blood treatment and to smoking in relation to legal regulations in the field of health. We measured JWs’ compliance with health laws regarding blood treatment and smoking (the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control—FCTC). We used the concept of a semi-autonomous social field by Moore and the theory of planned behavior developed by Ajzen. Our findings show that in the case of JWs, the group rules often prevail over state rules contained in generally-binding legislation. In the case of smoking, this means that they seem compliant to the FCTC and to their group rules. In the case of blood treatment, it seems that they are breaking the national rules, because of their group rules. Breaking the latter can result in exclusion from the JWs community. JWs are compliant with national laws as long as these are congruent with their own group rules. If this is not the case, the group influence is very strong and the fear of exclusion from the JW group is often greater than the potential negative health consequences in real life.

Evaluation the Safety and Security Procedures used In X-ray Clinics in Al-Harthiya-Baghdad

Radiation is a form of energy, its emitted either in the form of particles such as α-particles and β-particles (beta particles including the electron and the positron) or waves such as sunlight, X-rays and γ-rays. Radiation found everywhere around us and it comes from many different sources naturally or man-made sources. In this study a questionnaire was distributed to people working in the field of X-rays that used for a medical imaging (X-ray and CT-scan) to evaluate the extent of awareness and knowledge in estimate the damage of ionizing radiation as a result of wrong use. The questionnaire was distributed to medical clinics in Al-Harithiya in Baghdad, which it’s considered as one of the important areas in Iraq to attract and treat patients. It’s found that most of the commitment of radiography clinics by safety and security procedures. Most of the radiology clinics abide by most of the Iraqi Ministry of Health laws. However, some clinics did not implement some of the security and safety conditions

EDUKASI PEMAHAMAN HUKUM KESEHATAN DAN PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19 DI KLINIK CAHAYA KEMANG KABUPATEN BOGOR

Indonesia is one of the countries affected by the spread of Covid-19, and to date, the morbidity rate yet can't be considered low. One area that is most affected is Kemang District, Bogor Regency. Cases in the area have been occurring due to the lack of public awareness of the symptoms, the transmission, non-compliance, and the public's ignorance of health regulations related and health protocols.The people of Kemang District need to be provided with the correct information and proper dissemination to help maintain their health and prevent transmission. It's hoped that by providing education, people at the front line can support the government's measures in fighting the pandemic.The methods used are online dissemination, online discussions, and online mentoring. This campaign is carried out by :(1) counseling on how to prevent the transmission of Covid-19; (2) providing knowledge or raising awareness of health laws related to the pandemic; (3) measuring public knowledge's of how to prevent the transmission and of health laws related to the pandemic with an online questionnaire.Short-term objectives expected: (1) increasing knowledge about various ways to prevent the Covid-19 spread in communities, (2) increasing knowledge of the people of Kemang District and the surrounding areas, about the health laws applied in the community.The dissemination takes place at the Cahaya Kemang Clinic, Bogor Regency, shows an increase in participants' knowledge through an evaluation of pre-test and post-test knowledge and a better understanding of health laws and the prevention of Covid-19.Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang terkena dampak penyebaran Covid-19, dan sampai saat ini angka kesakitannya belum bisa dikatakan rendah. Salah satu daerah yang paling terdampak adalah Kecamatan Kemang, Kabupaten Bogor. Kasus-kasus di daerah terjadi karena kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat akan gejala, penularan, ketidakpatuhan, dan ketidaktahuan masyarakat terkait peraturan kesehatan dan protokol kesehatan.Masyarakat Kabupaten Kemang perlu diberikan informasi yang benar dan sosialisasi yang tepat untuk membantu menjaga kesehatan dan mencegah penularan. Diharapkan dengan memberikan edukasi, masyarakat di garda terdepan dapat mendukung langkah pemerintah dalam memerangi pandemi.Metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi online, diskusi online, dan pendampingan online. Kampanye ini dilakukan dengan :(1) penyuluhan tentang cara pencegahan penularan Covid-19; (2) memberikan pengetahuan atau meningkatkan kesadaran hukum kesehatan terkait pandemi; (3) mengukur pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pencegahan penularan dan undang-undang kesehatan terkait pandemi dengan kuesioner online. Tujuan jangka pendek yang diharapkan: (1) meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang berbagai cara pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19 di masyarakat, (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat Kecamatan Kemang dan sekitarnya, tentang hukum kesehatan yang berlaku di masyarakat.Sosialisasi yang berlangsung di Klinik Cahaya Kemang Kabupaten Bogor ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta melalui evaluasi pengetahuan pre-test dan post-test serta pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang undang-undang kesehatan dan pencegahan Covid-19.

Investigation of the frequency of rabies in EMRO countries: A review study

Objective: Rabies is a dangerous zoonotic infectious disease. Dog bites cause 99% of all human deaths from rabies. In Europe and North America, however, with the successful control of rabies in dogs, the wild cycle of rabies is the major and dominant cycle of disease. According to the WHO classification, the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) countries are divided into population health laws, health system performance, and health spending levels. This review aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of rabies in the EMRO countries in these three categories. Methods: In this study, using some search engines (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched about the frequency of rabies in EMRO countries without considering the time and related content. Results: In some parts of the world, including most countries in the region, EMRO, rabies is endemic and a serious problem for human and animal health. Conclusions: According to the global strategic plan to end human deaths from rabies by 2030, all the countries in the EMRO region and the international organizations such as WHO, OIE, etc., must take the necessary measures to control this disease. Regional and global cooperation, and comprehensive and effective policies, are required to solve this issue. Keywords: rabies; surveillance; epidemiology.

Analysis of the Juridical Protection of the Most Traditional Health Laws in the Legal Politics of Legislation of Regional Regulations in Indonesia

Regional regulations are written regulations containing generally binding legal norms established by the Regional People's Representative Council with the joint approval of the Regional Head. The regional legislation program has an important and strategic position in the formation of regional regulations. However, most local regulations actually get rejection from the community until they are revoked by the government. The method used in this research is normative legal research. The process of making local regulations rarely involves the community so that local regulations that are born are often not accepted by the community. The Regional Government and the Regional People's Legislative Assembly should first prepare a regional legislation program to determine the needs of the region and the needs of the community, then make regional regulations that are in accordance with the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan or Regional Strategic Plan. Therefore, there must be political will from the Regional Government and the Regional House of Representatives to establish cooperation with universities in conducting studies on a problem so that it becomes an academic text that is ready to be ratified into a regional regulation.

The importance of motivational postures to mental health regulators: Lessons for Victoria’s mental health system in reducing the use of force

Objective: To consider whether research into “motivational postures” can assist the Victorian Government and the forthcoming Mental Health and Wellbeing Commission to regulate and implement forthcoming mental health laws. Conclusion: Although no research explicitly uses a motivational postures framework, there is evidence of a diverse set of postures amongst the mental health workforce. Some practitioners and disciplines reflect positive motivational postures towards mental health laws and consumer rights, while others show resistance, and others disengagement altogether. More research explicitly built on motivational postures is required to inform appropriate regulatory responses.

Standardizing States of Emergency: Fragmented Legitimacy of Model Public Health Lawmaking

The promulgation of model laws—exemplary statutes that states can voluntarily choose to adopt—is a prominent strategy that reformers in public health agencies, the legal academy, and non governmental organizations use to improve US public health law and make it more uniform. This article applies the science and technology studies literature on standardization to the process of model lawmaking to analyze how developers negotiate between alternative forms of expertise and utilize different drafting processes to secure the techno-political legitimacy of their model statutes. Drawing on archival records and interviews with thirty-four experts involved in the development of four model public health laws produced between 1999 and 2007, I show how developers work to satisfy multiple, and, at times, competing, audiences. I observe that developers leveraged forms of legal expertise to secure their model laws’ technical legitimacy and emphasized their objectivity, representativeness, and flexibility to promote their political legitimacy. Comparing the four model laws across several indicia of legitimacy, I find that the developers experienced varying degrees of success. This study contributes to the socio legal scholarship on model laws by revealing how they are able to achieve legitimacy, albeit fragmented, even in the context of scientific uncertainty.

Buen gobierno y buena administración en la sanidad pública

LABURPENA: Osasunaren eremua sektorerik garrantzitsuenetako bat da herritarrentzat, oraingo krisiak agerian utzi duen bezala, eta horregatik, zerbitzu publiko hori egoki kudeatzea bermatzen duten aurrerapenak gertatu behar dira. Egiturazko aldaketak eskatu dira aspalditik, eta gobernu onaren printzipioetatik bultzatu ahal dira horietako asko, bai eta administrazio on baterako eskubidea benetan eta eraginkortasunez ezarriz ere. Gobernu onaren ikuspegitik aurrerapen handiagoak behar dira zenbait alderdi bermatzeko, hala nola ekitatea, erabakiak hartzeko prozesuaren profesionalizatzea eta jokabide-kode etikoen ezarpena. Eremu sanitarioko administrazio onak, berriz, arau sanitarioetan aurretiaz aitortutako eskubideak lortzea dakar, bai eta pazientearen egoera juridikoa indartzea ere. ABSTRACT: Health is one of the most important sectors for citizenship, as the ongoing crisis has shown, and accordingly some advances have to be introduced in order to ensure the adequeate managing of this public service. For some time now some structural changes have been called which many of them can be promoted both from the principle of good government and from a real and effective implementation of the right to good adminisration. From the perspective of the good government, some advances are necessary to ensure issues as equity, the profesionalization of the decision making process and the implantation of the ethic codes of conduct. For its part, good administration within the health sector implies the realization of rights previously acknowledged by the health laws and the strengthtening of the legal position of the patient. RESUMEN: El ámbito sanitario constituye uno de los sectores que presentan una mayor importancia para la ciudadanía, como ha puesto en evidencia la actual crisis. por ello se deben producir avances que garanticen la adecuada gestión de este servicio público. Desde hace tiempo se han venido reclamando cambios estructurales muchos de los cuales se pueden impulsar desde los principios de buen gobierno como desde una implantación real y efectiva del derecho a una buena administración. Desde la perspectiva del buen gobierno son necesarios unos mayores avances que garanticen aspectos como la equidad, la profesionalización de la toma de decisiones y la implantación de códigos éticos de conducta. Por su parte, la buena administración en el ámbito sanitario implica la consecución de derechos previamente reconocidos en las normas sanitarias y el refuerzo de la posición jurídica del paciente.