Reliability of Ankle Goniometric Measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
RobRoy L. Martin ◽  
Thomas G. McPoil
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Motion Measurements ◽  
Goniometric Measurements ◽  
Joint Range

This article reviews the existing range-of-motion measurement literature related to ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion to determine whether the reliability of ankle range-of-motion measurements can be defined, how the characteristics of the study population or clinician affect reliability, and the level of responsiveness for these measures. A MEDLINE search was performed through February 2004, and 11 articles met the inclusion criteria established for this review. Ample evidence was found for intrarater reliability for ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion range of motion. Although some evidence for interrater reliability of dorsiflexion was found, little evidence for interrater reliability of plantarflexion range of motion was uncovered. On the basis of the current literature, the responsiveness of ankle joint range-of-motion measurements is uncertain and requires further studies using patient populations. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(6): 564–572, 2005)

Effect of Posterior Capsule Tightness and Humeral Retroversion on 5 Glenohumeral Joint Range of Motion Measurements: A Cadaveric Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana P. Rosa ◽  
Paula R. Camargo ◽  
John D. Borstad
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Motion Measurements ◽  
Humeral Retroversion ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Joint Range

Background: Altered glenohumeral joint range of motion can be caused by increased humeral retroversion (HR) and/or posterior capsule tightness (PCT). To make informed clinical decisions, it is vital to understand how HR and PCT alterations, individually and in combination, affect joint range of motion measurements. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of experimental tissue alterations on clinical range of motion measures. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five clinical measurements were quantified in 8 fresh-frozen cadavers under 4 experimentally created conditions: baseline (no alterations), HR condition (20° increase in HR by transecting the bone), PCT condition (20% decrease in length via thermal energy), and PCT + HR combined. Clinical measurements included bicipital forearm angle, low flexion, glenohumeral internal and external rotation, and horizontal adduction. All measurements were taken by the same blinded tester. Separate 1-factor repeated measures analyses of variance were used to evaluate the effect of the alterations on each clinical measurement. Results: There was a significant main effect of condition for bicipital forearm angle ( P = .02, F = 4.03), low flexion ( P = .02, F = 3.86), internal rotation ( P = .03, F = 3.65), and external rotation ( P < .001, F = 15.15) but not for horizontal adduction ( P = .29, F = 1.33). The HR condition resulted in a decreased bicipital forearm angle of 16.1° and 15.8° as compared with the PCT and PCT + HR conditions, respectively. When compared with baseline, the PCT + HR condition decreased the low flexion test by 13.5°, and the HR condition decreased internal rotation range of motion by 14.2°. All conditions increased external rotation when compared with baseline. Conclusion: Greater measurement changes were noted in both HR conditions, suggesting that bony alterations influence motion to a greater extent than posterior capsule alterations. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be aware that humeral retroversion will influence the measurement of posterior shoulder tightness.

Comparison of Barefoot Walking and Shod Walking Between Children with and Without Flat Feet

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Perng Chen ◽  
Meng-Jung Chung ◽  
Chao-Yin Wu ◽  
Kai-Wen Cheng ◽  
Mao-Jiun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Shoe Condition ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Joint Range

Background We sought to investigate the effect of wearing shoes on joint range of motion, ground reaction force (GRF), and muscle activity (electromyography) in children with flat and normal feet during walking. Methods Nine children with flat feet and 12 children with normal feet aged 5 to 11 years were recruited. Each child was instructed to walk on a walkway in the barefoot and shod conditions. Joint range of motion, GRF, and electromyographic data within one gait cycle were collected simultaneously. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of foot type and shoe condition on the response measures. Results Children with flat feet had greater joint motion and higher muscle activities in the lower extremity, as well as lower vertical GRF and longer duration of the first peak forces in vertical and mediolateral GRFs than children with normal feet while walking. Compared with the barefoot condition, shoe wearing in both groups of children showed an increase in ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike, a decrease in anteroposterior GRF and its duration, and an increase in leg muscle electromyographic activities. Pelvic tilt range of motion was affected by the interaction of foot type and shoe condition. Conclusions Gait performance in pelvic tilt, hip flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion were different between the two groups of children. Wearing shoes increased the muscle activities of the shin. This finding can provide important information for clinical assessment of and shoe design for children with flat feet.

scholarly journals Functional Movement Screen task scores and joint range-of-motion: a construct validity study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A Hincapié ◽  
George A Tomlinson ◽  
Malinda Hapuarachchi ◽  
Tatjana Stankovic ◽  
Steven Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range

Little is known about the construct validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). We aimed to assess associations between FMS task scores and measures of maximum joint range-of-motion (ROM) among university varsity student-athletes from 4 sports (volleyball, basketball, ice hockey, and soccer). Athletes performed FMS tasks and had their maximum ankle, hip and shoulder ROM measured. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations between FMS task scores and ROM measurements. 101 university student-athletes were recruited (52 W/49 M; mean age 20.4±1.9 years). In general, athletes with higher FMS task scores had greater ROM compared to those with lower task scores. For example, athletes who scored 2 on the FMS squat task had 4˚ (95% CI, 1˚ to 7˚) more uni-articular ankle dorsiflexion ROM compared with those who scored 1, while those who scored 3 on the FMS squat task had 10˚ (4˚ to 17˚) more uni-articular ankle dorsiflexion ROM compared with those who scored 1. Large variation in ROM measurements was observed. In sum, substantial overlap in joint ROM between groups of athletes with different FMS task scores weakens the construct validity of the FMS as an indicator of specific joint ROM.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Clinically Accessible Smart Glove Technologies to Measure Joint Range of Motion

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Henderson ◽  
Joan Condell ◽  
James Connolly ◽  
Daniel Kelly ◽  
Kevin Curran
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Finger Joint ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
The Future ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Sensor Monitoring

Capturi ng hand motions for hand function evaluations is essential in the medical field. For many allied health professionals, measuring joint range of motion (ROM) is an important skill. While the universal goniometer (UG) is the most used clinical tool for measuring joint ROM, developments in current sensor technology are providing clinicians with more measurement possibilities than ever. For rehabilitation and manual dexterity evaluations, different data gloves have been developed. However, the reliability and validity of sensor technologies when used within a smart device remain somewhat unclear. This study proposes a novel electronically controlled sensor monitoring system (ECSMS) to obtain the static and dynamic parameters of various sensor technologies for both data gloves and individual sensor evaluation. Similarly, the ECSMS was designed to closely mimic a human finger joint, to have total control over the joint, and to have an exceptionally high precision. In addition, the ECSMS device can closely mimic the movements of the finger from hyperextension to a maximum ROM beyond any person’s finger joint. Due to the modular design, the ECSMS’s sensor monitoring board is independent and extensible to include various technologies for examination. Additionally, by putting these sensory devices through multiple tests, the system accurately measures the characteristics of any rotary/linear sensor in and out of a glove. Moreover, the ECSMS tracks the movement of all types of sensors with respect to the angle values of finger joints. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of sensory devices, the ECSMS was first validated against a recognised secondary device with an accuracy and resolution of 0.1°. Once validated, the system simultaneously determines real angles alongside the hand monitoring device or sensor. Due to its unique design, the system is independent of the gloves/sensors that were tested and can be used as a gold standard to realise more medical equipment/applications in the future. Consequently, this design greatly enhances testing measures within research contact and even non-contact systems. In conclusion, the ECSMS will benefit in the design of data glove technologies in the future because it provides crucial evidence of sensor characteristics. Similarly, this design greatly enhances the stability and maintainability of sensor assessments by eliminating unwanted errors. These findings provide ample evidence for clinicians to support the use of sensory devices that can calculate joint motion in place of goniometers.

scholarly journals Small amounts of involuntary muscle activity reduce passive joint range of motion

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Diong ◽  
Simon C. Gandevia ◽  
David Nguyen ◽  
Yanni Foo ◽  
Cecilia Kastre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Passive Joint ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Involuntary Muscle ◽  
Joint Range

When assessing passive joint range of motion in neurological conditions, concomitant involuntary muscle activity is generally regarded small enough to ignore. This assumption is untested. If false, many clinical and laboratory studies that rely on these assessments may be in error. We determined to what extent small amounts of involuntary muscle activity limit passive range of motion in 30 able-bodied adults. Subjects were seated with the knee flexed 90° and the ankle in neutral, and predicted maximal plantarflexion torque was determined using twitch interpolation. Next, with the knee flexed 90° or fully extended, the soleus muscle was continuously electrically stimulated to generate 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of predicted maximal torque, in random order, while the ankle was passively dorsiflexed to a torque of 9 N·m by a blinded investigator. A trial without stimulation was also performed. Ankle dorsiflexion torque-angle curves were obtained at each percent of predicted maximal torque. On average (mean, 95% confidence interval), each 1% increase in plantarflexion torque decreases ankle range of motion by 2.4° (2.0 to 2.7°; knee flexed 90°) and 2.3° (2.0 to 2.5°; knee fully extended). Thus 5% of involuntary plantarflexion torque, the amount usually considered small enough to ignore, decreases dorsiflexion range of motion by ~12°. Our results indicate that even small amounts of involuntary muscle activity will bias measures of passive range and hinder the differential diagnosis and treatment of neural and nonneural mechanisms of contracture. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The soleus muscle in able-bodied adults was tetanically stimulated while the ankle was passively dorsiflexed. Each 1% increase in involuntary plantarflexion torque at the ankle decreases the range of passive movement into dorsiflexion by >2°. Thus the range of ankle dorsiflexion decreases by ~12° when involuntary plantarflexion torque is 5% of maximum, a torque that is usually ignored. Thus very small amounts of involuntary muscle activity substantially limit passive joint range of motion.

scholarly journals Does Dry Needling Treatment Make an Extra Contribution to Conventional Treatment in Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain? A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Bağcıer ◽  
Ozan Volkan Yurdakul ◽  
Gamze Deniz ◽  
Ahmet Akbulut ◽  
Yusuf Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Motion Measurements ◽  
Joint Range

Aim: To evaluate the effect of adding dry needling treatment to conventional rehabilitation on pain, range of motion, and functionality on hemiplegic shoulder pain. Methods: A total of 38 patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain were divided into two groups. A multimodal rehabilitation protocol including physical therapy methods and exercise treatments was applied to both groups (5 sessions per week for a total of 15 sessions). In addition to the rehabilitation, three sessions of dry needling treatment were applied for dry needling group. Pain with visual analog scale, range of motion with a goniometer, functionality was evaluated by quick disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand and fugl meyer assessment upper extremity. Evaluations were made before treatment, after treatment, and at the third month of treatment. Results: Patients aged from 30-60 years (mean±SD=53.1± 5.3). The average duration of HSP was 6.7±1 months. While a significant improvement was observed in both groups in all parameters after the treatment, a statistical superiority was found in the dry needling group (p<0.05). At the 3rd month follow-up, there was no difference in pain and functionality parameters between the groups, while flexion and abduction measurements were higher in the dry needling group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Adding dry needling treatment to conventional rehabilitation did not show any difference except for some joint range of motion measurements in the subacute period.

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