Does the Application of a Semiocclusive Dressing Alter the Microflora of Healthy Intact Skin on the Foot?

Background The skin on human feet presents unique environments for the proliferation of potentially pathogenic commensals. This study examined microflora changes on healthy intact skin under a semiocclusive dressing on the medial longitudinal arch of the foot to determine changes in growth, distribution, and frequency of microflora under the dressing. Methods Nine human participants wore a low-adherent, absorbent, semiocclusive dressing on the medial longitudinal arch of the left foot for 2 weeks. An identical location on the right foot was swabbed and used as a control. Each foot was swabbed at baseline, week 1, and week 2. The swabs were cultured for 48 hours. Visual identification, Gram staining, DNase test agar, and a latex slide agglutination test were used to identify genera and species. Results Microflora growth was categorized as scant (0–10 colony-forming units [CFU]), light (11–50 CFU), moderate (51–100 CFU), or heavy (>100 CFU). Scant and light growth decreased and moderate and heavy growth increased under the dressing compared with the control. Seven different genera of bacteria were identified. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp appeared most frequently, followed by Corynebacterium spp. Conclusions Changes in microflora distribution, frequency, and growth were found under the dressing, supporting historical studies. Microflora changes were identified as an increase in bioburden and reduction in diversity. The application of similar methods, using more sophisticated identification and analysis techniques and a variety of dressings, could lead to a better understanding of bacterial and fungal growth under dressings, informing better dressing selection to assist the healing process of wounds and prevent infection.

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Validity of Two-Dimensional Static Footprint in Medial Longitudinal Arch Evaluation and the Characteristics of Athletes’ Footprints

10.1101/2020.02.10.941633 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lingli Zhang ◽

Dali Yu ◽

Le Lei ◽

Yuanwu Gao ◽

Junjie Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Inclination Angle ◽

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Important Indicator ◽

First Metatarsal ◽

Longitudinal Arch ◽

Metatarsal Angle ◽

The Right ◽

High Level

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to explore the validity of two-dimensional static footprint analysis in medial longitudinal arch evaluation as well as the characteristics of athletes’ footprints to provide a basis for the evaluation and selection of athletes.MethodsExperiment One: Twenty-nine high level athletes (runners and jumpers) and forty normal college students were selected. Based on the X-ray photos taken of the medial foot, we measured the calcaneal inclination angle, the calcaneal–first metatarsal angle and the ratio of height to length of the medial longitudinal arch. We collected indicators of two-dimensional static footprints. Experiment Two: 106 high level athletes (runners and jumpers) and 104 normal college students were selected. We also collected indicators of two-dimensional static footprints.ResultsThe average measuring the Interclass Correlation Efficient (ICC) of calcaneal inclination angle, calcaneal–first metatarsal angle, the ratio of height to length of the medial longitudinal arch, the width of ball, arch and heel, the length of footprint and each toe, Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI) and Staheli Index (SAI) were higher than 0.800. Regardless of athletes or college students, male or female, the correlation between CSI, SAI and calcaneal inclination angle, calcaneal–first metatarsal angle, the ratio of height to length of the medial longitudinal arch was statistically significant (P<0.05). College students’ CSI of the right foot is significantly higher than that of the left foot regardless of gender (P<0.05).ConclusionsWe prove the qualification of CSI and SAI in medial longitudinal arch evaluation and explain that the relative height of medial longitudinal arch is an important indicator in track and field.

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Anomalous plantar intrinsic foot muscle attaching to the medial longitudinal arch: possible mechanism for medial nerve entrapment: a case report

Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s13256-021-02676-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. Claire Aland ◽

Alana C. Sharp

Keyword(s):

White Male ◽

Nerve Entrapment ◽

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Spring Ligament ◽

Longitudinal Arch ◽

Plantar Aspect ◽

Tendon Insertion ◽

The Right ◽

Intrinsic Foot Muscle ◽

Medial Nerve

Abstract Background Muscular variations are potentially symptomatic and may complicate imaging interpretation. Intrinsic foot musculature and extrinsic tendon insertion variations are common. Distinct supernumerary muscles are rare. We report a novel anomalous intrinsic foot muscle on the medial longitudinal arch. Case presentation An accessory muscle was encountered on the medial arch of the right foot of a 78-year-old white male cadaver, between layers two and three of the foot intrinsics. It did not appear to be a slip or variant of a known foot muscle. This muscle consisted of two slips that ran transversely on the plantar aspect of the medial arch, crossing the medial transverse tarsal joint and attaching to the tuberosity of the navicular, the short and long plantar ligaments, and spring ligament. Conclusions The medial plantar vessels and nerve passed from deep to superficial between the two slips, and this suggests a possible location for medial nerve entrapment.

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Invasive Aspergillus niger Is the Sole Etiological Agent for CSOM : A Clinical Case from Nepal

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2021/5556679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya ◽

Rabindra Bhakta Pradhananga ◽

Niranjan Prasad Sah ◽

Basista Prasad Rijal ◽

Bharat Mani Pokhrel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Fungal Spores ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Neck Surgery ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Gram Staining ◽

History Of ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

The Right

Aspergillus causing chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is rare in immunocompetent people; however, it can occur as a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Here, in our study, a 53-year-old diabetic patient having a history of CSOM visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), Tribhuvan University and Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal, in March 2016. Although he was on medication with an antibacterial ear drop from the last 10 days, his right ear was presented with otorrhea, pruritus, otalgia, aural fullness, hearing impairment, and tinnitus from the last 3-4 months. Preliminarily, otoscopy of the right ear revealed the presence of fungal mass. For further diagnosis, ear discharge was aseptically collected and sent to the laboratory to confirm the etiological agents. Findings of laboratory analysis indicated that Gram staining of aural discharge displayed pus cells with fungal spores but did not exhibit bacteria. Furthermore, potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount revealed the presence of fungal spores and septate hyphae with the characteristic of dichotomous branching. Culture in four different bacterial media (chocolate agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Robertson’s cooked meat medium) has unveiled no bacterial growth. However, fungal growth was observed in both bacterial and fungal media. Thereafter, the fungal colony was investigated via a lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) tease mount which displayed the structure of Aspergillus. Aspergillus niger was microbially conformed by specifically characterizing the specific phenotypic biseriate structure of phialides and the black-coloured conidia. For medication, the patient was treated with Candid Ear Drop with clotrimazole (1% w/v) plus lidocaine (2% w/v) for 4 weeks which successfully improved his condition.

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Effect of Obesity Level on the Longitudinal Arch in 7- to 12-Year-Old Rural and Urban Children

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/13-141.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (6) ◽

pp. 484-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renata Woźniacka ◽

Aneta Bac ◽

Stanisław Matusik

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Urban Children ◽

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Obese Children ◽

Longitudinal Arch ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Foot Arch ◽

Free Body ◽

The Right ◽

Almost All

Background We sought to evaluate the influence of obesity level on the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot in 7- to 12-year-old children. Methods The study group consisted of 925 children (450 girls and 475 boys). All of the children were subjected to podoscopic foot examination and measurement of weight, height, three skinfolds, fat weight, and fat-free body weight. Results The most common type of MLA was high-arched foot, which was observed in the left foot of 523 children (56.5%) and in the right foot in 592 children (64%). In almost all of the age groups, high-arched foot was the most common disorder. High-arched foot was more common in girls than in boys, and boys displayed a higher percentage of flatfoot. Also, sex-related differences were more prominent in urban children. There was a strongly positive correlation between obesity level and MLA in the examined group. Conclusions These results suggest that the type of foot arch is influenced by parameters such as age, sex, and obesity level. High-arched foot seemed to be the most frequent pathologic abnormality in the examined group, and flatfoot, which was predominant in boys and obese children, diminished with age. High-arched foot was a more common MLA type than flatfoot regardless of obesity level assessed on the basis of body mass index and sum of three skinfolds.

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