scholarly journals Making Sense of Assignment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Sören Augustinsson ◽  
Ulf Ericsson ◽  
Henrik Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Planning Law ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Everyday Action ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Law Texts ◽  
Complexity Theories ◽  
Oriented Research

The primary aim of this paper is to narrow down the description of how school leaders interpret the assign-ment (the task) and identify the markers for how they look upon the conditions of doing a good job in Sweden. The aim is in the context of practice-based and process-oriented research. We use complexity and complexity theories to frame the emerging practice of leading and organizing. This is in contrast to techno-cratic homogenization—that is, law texts, steering documents, documentation, standardized methods, plan-ning, and ceremonies. A questionnaire was conducted with three open questions (n=363 out of a possible 548 participants) and four focus groups (n=21). Complexity, dilemmas, and inconsistency emerge in the respondents’ answers the closer they are to everyday action. The results show that complexity theories put focus on a conflict between the image of schools as complicated and complex. Complicated is accompanied by generalizing and weak contextualizing of control systems, standardized methods, planning, law texts, and evidence-based education—that is, the concept of technocratic homogenization. Complexity theories emphasize the life in organizations, everyday practice as leaders, and a conflict between weak and robust contextualizing from the perspective as practice-based and process-oriented research.

Survey of Rejection Prophylaxis Following Suture Removal in Penetrating Keratoplasty in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Heinzelmann ◽  
Daniel Böhringer ◽  
Philip Christian Maier ◽  
Berthold Seitz ◽  
Claus Cursiefen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Graft Failure ◽  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Face

Abstract Background Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) gets more and more reserved to cases of increasing complexity. In such cases, ocular comorbidities may limit graft survival following PK. A major cause for graft failure is endothelial graft rejection. Suture removal is a known risk factor for graft rejection. Nevertheless, there is no evidence-based regimen for rejection prophylaxis following suture removal. Therefore, a survey of rejection prophylaxis was conducted at 7 German keratoplasty centres. Objective The aim of the study was documentation of the variability of medicinal aftercare following suture removal in Germany. Methods Seven German keratoplasty centres with the highest numbers for PK were selected. The centres were sent a survey consisting of half-open questions. The centres performed a mean of 140 PK in 2018. The return rate was 100%. The findings were tabulated. Results All centres perform a double-running cross-stitch suture for standard PK, as well as a treatment for rejection prophylaxis with topical steroids after suture removal. There are differences in intensity (1 – 5 times daily) and tapering (2 – 20 weeks) of the topical steroids following suture removal. Two centres additionally use systemic steroids for a few days. Discussion Rejection prophylaxis following PK is currently poorly standardised and not evidence-based. All included centres perform medical aftercare following suture removal. It is assumed that different treatment strategies show different cost-benefit ratios. In the face of the diversity, a systematic analysis is required to develop an optimised regimen for all patients.

scholarly journals Making sense of revision-control systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Revision Control

A Disorder by Any Other Name: Metacognition, Schizophrenia, and Diagnostic Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Lysaker ◽  
Aieyat B. Zalzala ◽  
Nicolai Ladegaard ◽  
Benjamin Buck ◽  
Bethany L. Leonhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Diagnostic Practice ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Metacognitive Reflection ◽  
Diagnostic Label

Humanistic psychology has made us aware that any understanding of schizophrenia must see persons diagnosed with this condition as whole persons who are making sense of what wellness and recovery mean to them. This has raised questions about what the diagnosis of schizophrenia means and whether the diagnostic label of schizophrenia is helpful when we try to conceptualize the actions and aims of treatment. To examine this issue we propose it is essential to consider what is systematically occuring psychologicaly in recovery when persons experience, interpret and agentically respond to emerging challenges. We then review how the integrated model of metacognition provides a systematic, person-centered, evidence-based approach to understanding psychological processes which impact recovery, and discuss how this guides a form of psychotherapy, metacognitive reflection and insight therapy, which promotes metacognitive abilities and support recovery. We suggest this work indicates that metacognitive capacity is something that can be diagnosed without stigmatizing persons. It can be used to meaningfully inform clinical practice across various theoretical models and offers concrete implications for rehabilitation.

Citizens Making Sense of Science Issues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Xenos
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
New Research

Dramatic increases in media choice over the past few decades have had profound effects on virtually all processes of communication involving issues of public concern. For science issues in particular, exposure to information about a particular topic is typically driven by specific motivations, often in the highly fragmented world of online communication. Existing research on information seeking in a polarized media environment can guide thinking about how individuals make sense of contemporary science issues. However, the unique features of science topics, particularly those related to emerging science and technology fields, complicate simple applications of existing theories. Although a small number of existing studies attend to these issues, developing solid, evidence-based prescriptions for improving how individuals seek information and form opinions will require significant new research.

scholarly journals Tips for teaching evidence-based medicine in a clinical setting: lessons from adult learning theory. Part two

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Malick ◽  
Kausik Das ◽  
Khalid S Khan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learning ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Adult Learning Theory ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Evidence Based Healthcare ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Oriented Research

Summary Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the clinical use of current best available evidence from relevant, valid research. Provision of evidence-based healthcare is the most ethical way to practise as it integrates up-to-date patient-oriented research into the clinical decision-making to improve patients' outcomes. This article provides tips for teachers to teach clinical trainees the final two steps of EBM: integrating evidence with clinical judgement and bringing about change.

scholarly journals Advances and Open Questions in the Science of Subjective Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Diener ◽  
Richard E. Lucas ◽  
Shigehiro Oishi
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Process Oriented

Subjective well-being (SWB) is an extremely active area of research with about 170,000 articles and books published on the topic in the past 15 years. Methodological and theoretical advances have been notable in this period of time, with the increasing use of longitudinal and experimental designs allowing for a greater understanding of the predictors and outcomes that relate to SWB, along with the process that underlie these associations. In addition, theories about these processes have become more intricate, as findings reveal that many associations with SWB depend on people’s culture and values and the context in which they live. This review provides an overview of many major areas of research, including the measurement of SWB, the demographic and personality-based predictors of SWB, and process-oriented accounts of individual differences in SWB. In addition, because a major new focus in recent years has been the development of national accounts of subjective well-being, we also review attempts to use SWB measures to guide policy decisions.

Evidence-Based I–O Psychology: Not There Yet

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob B. Briner ◽  
Denise M. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Oriented Research

Evidence-based practice is now well established in several fields including medicine, nursing, and social policy. This article seeks to promote discussion of whether the practice of industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists is evidence based and what is needed to make I–O psychology an evidence-based discipline. It first reviews the emergence of the concept of evidence-based practice. Second, it considers the definitions and features of evidence-based practice, including evidence-based management. It then assesses whether I–O psychology is itself an evidence-based discipline by identifying key characteristics of evidence-based practice and judging the extent these characterize I–O psychology. Fourth, some key strategies for promoting the use of evidence in I–O psychology are considered: practice-oriented research and systematic reviews. Fifth, barriers to practicing evidence-based I–O psychology are identified along with suggestions for overcoming them. Last is a look to the future of an evidence-based I–O psychology that plays an important role in helping consultants, in-house I–O psychologists, managers, and organizations become more evidence based.

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