12. Using Interviews to Understand Racial Group Identity and Political Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Hooker

Esse artigo examina como os Creoles afrodescendentes estão atualmente reconfigurando suas identidades coletivas no âmbito do multiculturalismo nicaraguense. São examinadas questões como: o que significa ser atualmente Creole, negro ou afrodescendente na Nicarágua, um Estado que se proclama Multicultural? Como a negritude é negociada e vivenciada em um Estado onde o multiculturalismo se tornou uma política oficial, mas onde, historicamente, hierarquia racial e racismo não foram reconhecidos? Como essas identidades são negociadas e reconfiguradas em um contexto de lutas por justiça e igualdade? Hoje na Nicarágua, nação historicamente retratada como sendo majoritariamente mestiça ou indo-hispânica, muitos creoles anglófonos estão afirmando uma forte identidade negra racial, imaginada em termos de conexões transnacionais com a diáspora africana, incluindo com o passado africano e a ancestralidade afro-caribenha. Eu argumento no artigo que a atual ênfase na negritude, enquanto identidade creole, está conectada às mudanças do modelo de multiculturalismo nicaraguense, sobretudo a implementação de políticas específicas de combate ao racismo e a discriminação racial, uma dinâmica que ilustra a relação dialética entre direitos e identidades.---Negotiating "Blackness" on a Multicultural State: Politics and Creole Identity in NicaraguaThis article examines how Afro-descendant Creoles are currently reimagining their collective identities in Nicaragua in the context of multiculturalism. It examines questions such as: what does it means to be Creole, and/or black or Afro-descendant in Nicaragua today in the context of a self-proclaimed multicultural state? How is blackness negotiated and lived in a state where multiculturalism has become official state policy, but where, historically, racial hierarchy and racism have not been recognized? How are these identities negotiated and remade in the context of struggles for justice and equality? In the context a Nicaraguan nation that has historically been portrayed as overwhelmingly mestizo or Indo- Hispanic, many English-speaking Creoles today are asserting a strong black racial group identity imagined in terms of transnational connections to the African diaspora, including to an African past and Afro-Caribbean ancestry. I argue that the current emphasis on blackness in conceptions of Creole identity are connected to changes to Nicaragua’s model of multiculturalism, specifically the implementation of specific policies to combat racism and racial discrimination, a dynamic that illustrates the dialectical relationship between rights and identities.keywords: blackness, nicaragua, creole communities.


Author(s):  
Ismail K. White ◽  
Chryl N. Laird

This chapter begins with a discussion of the social and political circumstances that have necessitated black political unity, norms of black political behavior, and the emergence of racialized social constraint. Placing its historical origins in slavery, the chapter looks at how racialized social constraint has developed from a tool for navigating the complicated social and political world of forced labor communities into an instrument for facilitating racial group-based collective action politics among black Americans. It connects norms of racial group constraint formed under slavery to mechanisms for mobilizing blacks into the protest activities of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement and tools for facilitating specific forms of engagement in modern electoral politics. From the combined insights provided by a historical review of black Americans' efforts at collective action and the racialized social constraint model, the chapter derives predictions of how racialized norms of political behavior constrain black partisan support in modern electoral politics. Finally, the chapter highlights two basic facts that speak to the explanatory potential of this framework.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1532673X2110221
Author(s):  
Clinton Jenkins ◽  
Ismail White ◽  
Michael Hanmer ◽  
Antoine Banks

It is now a well-documented fact of survey research that Black survey respondents overreport turning out to vote at higher rates than many of their peers of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. We bring renewed attention to this phenomenon by investigating how the ways in which the race of the interviewer might influence a Back respondent’s propensity to overreport turning out to vote. In this paper, we test two competing mechanisms for African American overreporting and race of interviewer effects: (1) racial group linked fate, and (2) conformity with norms of Black political behavior. We find support that social pressure to conform to group norms of political behavior is behind Black respondent’s overreporting in the presence of a same-race interviewer. These results have significant implications for how we view, analyze, and consider results from such studies.


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith E. Schnakenberg

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