Conclusion

Author(s):  
Susan Goodier ◽  
Karen Pastorello

This concluding chapter explores the ways that suffragists used their enfranchisement to push the Nineteenth Amendment forward. The book's study places New York State at the forefront of the woman suffrage movement in the eastern United States. Its success had a profound effect on the national movement. As seems usual for suffragists, there is no one path activists followed. Some women, radicalized by their efforts in New York State, joined the militant National Woman's Party and picketed the White House. Others took their organizing skills, including canvassing and lobbying, to campaigns in non-suffrage states. Ultimately, the activism of the disparate groups that comprised the successful state suffrage movement infused the national campaign for woman suffrage with newfound energy.

Author(s):  
Susan Goodier

This chapter tells of the expected end of the anti-suffrage movement, highlighting much of the public and residual animosity toward women's enfranchisement. The women antis restructured the New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage as the Women Voters' Anti-Suffrage Party and worked against a federal amendment. The Woman Patriot Publishing Company absorbed the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. Although New York State anti-suffragists had always been influential in national level work, in 1917, with a change in leadership, they moved the national headquarters to Washington, D.C., and continued their efforts to prevent the passage of the federal amendment. Men increasingly dominated the movement, and the anti-suffrage tone became desperate-sounding and even venomous. The national movement operated in a far different mode from the previous women's anti-suffrage movement under its second president, Alice Hay Wadsworth, and her successor, Mary G. Kilbreth.


1905 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
J. R. De La Torre Bueno

Several entomologists have discussed with me the question of the distinguishing characters of Ranatra quadridentata, Stal, and Ranatra fusca, Pal. Beauv., and in consequence I venture to set forth here briefly and plainly the differences between these two and Ranatra kirkaldyi, n. sp, which I took for the first time in New York State.


Author(s):  
Susan Goodier ◽  
Karen Pastorello

This chapter details the development of a woman suffrage movement in New York State as it positions the state in the broad historical context of the national woman suffrage movement. Some rural upstate New Yorkers demanded social and political reforms for women well before the Civil War. As a result of controversy sparked by the Fifteenth Amendment, which granted African American men the right to vote, women founded two national organizations and the New York State Woman Suffrage Association. State leaders dominated the movement in terms of strategy and tactics, and several of them rose to national prominence. By the last decade of the nineteenth century, suffragists had come to recognize the importance of fluidity and pliability in addressing their appeals to the broadest possible audiences. The divergent groups advocating for women's enfranchisement disagreed with each other over specific strategies, tactics, and whom to include, but they unfailingly agreed that women needed the vote.


Author(s):  
Susan Goodier

Activities of the anti-suffrage movement ebbed and flowed with those of the suffrage movement, suggesting the responsive nature of both movements. This chapter focuses on this process. The leadership of Alice Hill Chittenden, elected in the fall of 1912 to serve as president of the New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, accounts for the increased politicization of the anti-suffrage movement. Anti-suffragists won this battle, apparent in the results of the November 1915 referendum. However, it is also apparent by 1915 that anti-suffrage leaders faced serious challenges to their campaign to prevent enfranchisement, leading to a far different campaign for the 1917 referendum.


1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (6A) ◽  
pp. 2285-2306
Author(s):  
Louis Winkler

abstract The area covered by this catalog is the region east of the Appalachians from the southern border of Virginia to the southeast tip of New York State. For the period 1850 to 1930, a total of 191 earthquakes were felt in the area. Of these earthquakes, 39 were damaging in the area of interest with intensities V-VI to VIII. The vast majority of the historical sources used to construct the description were local newspapers. An appendix to this catalog includes additions and expansions of earthquakes in another catalog regarding the United States before 1850.


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