Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Edward B. Westermann

This chapter unveils how the SS and policemen involved with the destruction of the European Jews experienced a twofold feeling of intoxication. First, these men went east in an imperial campaign of mass murder during which they exercised power over life and death. Second, the occupiers integrated drinking rituals into their daily routines in order to commemorate and celebrate masculine virtues of camaraderie and shared violence. The chapter discusses the promotion of a metaphorical intoxication among the German populace and how it extended to traditional holidays and massive Nazi rallies, parades, and ceremonies. It exposes the widespread practice of alcohol consumption and the horrific consequences of prohibitions on drinking during duty hours on the conquered peoples. While habitual drunkenness on duty by SS and policemen within the “old Reich” transgressed organizational norms and was punished, this chapter unfolds the testimonies given by witnesses, accomplices, and bystanders about the stories of perpetrators in the East who routinely drank on duty and whose brutality noticeably increased after their intoxication.

Author(s):  
Edward B. Westermann

This book reveals how, over the course of the Third Reich, scenes involving alcohol consumption and revelry among the SS and police became a routine part of rituals of humiliation in the camps, ghettos, and killing fields of Eastern Europe. The book draws on a vast range of newly unearthed material to explore how alcohol consumption served as a literal and metaphorical lubricant for mass murder. It facilitated “performative masculinity,” expressly linked to physical or sexual violence. Such inebriated exhibitions extended from meetings of top Nazi officials to the rank and file, celebrating at the grave sites of their victims. The book argues that, contrary to the common misconception of the SS and police as stone-cold killers, they were, in fact, intoxicated with the act of murder itself. The book highlights the intersections of masculinity, drinking ritual, sexual violence, and mass murder to expose the role of alcohol and celebratory ritual in the Nazi genocide of European Jews. Its surprising and disturbing findings offer a new perspective on the mindset, motivation, and mentality of killers as they prepared for, and participated in, mass extermination.


2021 ◽  
pp. 149-174
Author(s):  
Edward B. Westermann

This chapter focuses on other perpetrators, including Wehrmacht soldiers, non-German auxiliaries, and local policemen who engaged in acts of brutality and mass murder often in very similar ways. It discusses how foreign auxiliaries, whether serving in German Security or Order Police units, in the labor and death camps in Poland, or with armed formations of the Waffen-SS and the Wehrmacht, proved a key adjunct to overstretched German forces and critical instruments for mass murder in the East. The chapter also explains how the act of heavy alcohol consumption at village taverns and rural communities of Eastern Europe intertwined perceptions of masculinity and antisemitism. It details the roles of widespread abuse of alcohol among the auxiliaries in the murder of the Jews. The plundering of Jewish goods was an important part of the killing and celebratory ritual among the auxiliaries. Ultimately, the chapter emphasizes how ethnic auxiliaries and local policemen integrated alcohol consumption into their daily routine and discusses its impact on cultural perceptions of masculinity.


2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A117-A117
Author(s):  
K DEAR ◽  
M BRADLEY ◽  
K MCCORMACK ◽  
R PECK ◽  
D GLEESON

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
G LEVANTESI ◽  
R MARFISI ◽  
M SCARANO ◽  
M SILLETTA ◽  
A MAGGIONI ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Richard T. Vann ◽  
David Eversley
Keyword(s):  

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.


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