Why Women’s Power Matters

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Samuel Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Women's Power ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Education Levels

This chapter studies how women's power is one of the fundamental determinants of not only economic growth but also education levels, ecological sustainability, and social peace. Why does women's power produce social and economic benefit? A key consideration is that women who are highly educated or have access to their own sources of income have lower fertility. Women with money and career opportunities are less dependent on their husbands for economic survival and can afford to stand up to argue for their own interests. However, fertility reduction tells part of the story about why empowering women produces social development; there are other considerations at work as well. If women are educated, they become more productive, and the labor force becomes more productive. Women's labor force participation is linked to the presence of industries that employ a lot of women. Women's power also increases the human capital of future generations. Meanwhile, the statistical correlation between female social power and reduced warfare is explained in part by the historical record of women participating in peacekeeping activities.

Does Japanese Women’s Labor Force Development Cause Gender Inequality?: Focusing on Maternity Leave Substitute Jobs in 1940’s-70’s

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341
Author(s):  
Chisato Atobe
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Social Divide ◽  
Women's Labor Force Participation

Abstract This article describes a social divide among women which was caused by an increase of highly-educated women’s labor force participation. The author focuses on female teachers in elementary school who managed to continue working after marriage in a time when most married women stayed at home in Japan. By focusing on a difference between the types of employment status among female teachers, the examination revealed that a group of women with low wages and unstable employment was generated as an unintended consequence when female teachers, who were regarded to have a stable occupational status, sought to continue working after giving birth. Further study should be conducted on this problem, because an international divide of labor is in progress under the global economy.

scholarly journals Coming to Terms with the Greek Crisis: Highly Educated Young Women’s Employment Struggles in Conditions of Economic Austerity

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042110235
Author(s):  
Julia Kazana-McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Economic Austerity ◽  
Political Economic

The global financial recession which began in 2008 has led to significant economic and social consequences for youth, with the case of Greece being a notable one in terms of severity. Repeated political-economic ‘shocks’ to the structure of Greek society have manifest in common situations of unemployment and underemployment. Although impacting heavily on the working classes, severe curtailments in medium-high-skilled labour have also been observed among the middle classes as well. Following these contexts, the article examines the experiences of highly educated young women in Greece ( n = 36) as they navigate precarious employment within the midst of the Greek economic crisis. It is argued that rather than their educated status offering opportunities to deploy resources to help withstand the crisis, their high education levels create frustrations and barriers towards achieving suitable employment. These perceived mismatches between high education and low status and/or poor-quality work conditions are assessed in the context of research on emerging adulthood.

Development and Gender-Linked Economic Inequality in the Era of Globalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-324
Author(s):  
Moshe Semyonov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
High Status ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Labor Force Participation

This paper focuses on the relations between development and gender disparities in labor market outcomes in the era of globalization. Within a cross-national comparative framework, the article examines the relations between development and globalization and three aspects of gender-linked disparities (women's labor force participation, gender occupational differentiation, and gender pay gap) at two time points: 1990 and 2015. The data reveal patterns in the relationship between development, globalization, and each dimension of gender inequality. First, development but not globalization tends to increase women's labor force participation. Second, development is likely to reduce gender occupational segregation. But the effect is indirect; it is transmitted via the increased number of economically active women. Third, less gender occupational segregation does not necessarily mean greater occupational equality; high female labor force participation is likely to reduce women's likelihood of employment in high-status professional and managerial occupations. Fourth, gender occupational inequality appears to be one of the sources of a country's gender pay gap; the pay disparity between men and women tends to be greater in countries where gender occupational inequality is high. A model that summarizes the complex relations among development, globalization, and the various dimensions of gender-linked economic activity and inequality is proposed and discussed.

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