scholarly journals Instrumental validity and intra/inter-rater reliability of a novel low-cost digital pressure algometer

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10162
Author(s):  
Daniel Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
Carolina Fernanda dos Anjos ◽  
Maria de Cássia Macedo ◽  
Ilha Gonçalves Fernandes ◽  
Esteban Aedo-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Background Pain assessment is a key measure that accompanies treatments in a wide range of clinical settings. A low-cost valid and reliable pressure algometer would allow objective assessment of pressure pain to assist a variety of health professionals. However, the pressure algometer is often expensive, which limits its daily use in both clinical and research settings. Objectives This study aimed to assess the instrumental validity, and the intra- and inter-rater reliability of an inexpensive digital adapted pressure algometer. Methods A single rater applied 60 random compressions on a force platform. The pressure pain thresholds of 20 volunteers were collected twice (3 days apart) by two raters. The main outcome measurements were as follows: the maximal peak force (in kPa) and the pressure pain threshold (adapted pressure algometer vs. force platform). Cronbach’s α test was used to assess internal consistency. The standard error of measurement provided estimates of measurement error, and the measurement bias was estimated with the Bland–Altman method, with lower and upper limits of agreement. Results No differences were observed when comparing the compression results (P = 0.51). The validity and internal intra-rater consistencies ranged from 0.84 to 0.99, and the standard error of measurement from 0.005 to 0.04 kPa. Very strong (r = 0.73–0.74) to near-perfect (r = 0.99) correlations were found, with a low risk of bias for all measurements. The results demonstrated the validity and intra-rater reliability of the digitally adapted pressure algometer. Inter-rater reliability results were moderate (r = 0.55–0.60; Cronbach’s α = 0.71–0.75). Conclusion The adapted pressure algometer provide valid and reliable measurements of pressure pain threshold. The results support more widespread use of the pressure pain threshold method among clinicians.

scholarly journals A novel metric of reliability in pressure pain threshold measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Liew ◽  
Ho Yin Lee ◽  
David Rügamer ◽  
Alessandro Marco De Nunzio ◽  
Nicola R. Heneghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Testing Protocols

AbstractThe inter-session Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a commonly investigated and clinically important metric of reliability for pressure pain threshold (PPT) measurement. However, current investigations do not account for inter-repetition variability when calculating inter-session ICC, even though a PPT measurement taken at different sessions must also imply different repetitions. The primary aim was to evaluate and report a novel metric of reliability in PPT measurement: the inter-session-repetition ICC. One rater recorded ten repetitions of PPT measurement over the lumbar region bilaterally at two sessions in twenty healthy adults using a pressure algometer. Variance components were computed using linear mixed-models and used to construct ICCs; most notably inter-session ICC and inter-session-repetition ICC. At 70.1% of the total variance, the source of greatest variability was between subjects ($${\sigma }_{subj}^{2}$$ σ subj 2 = 222.28 N2), whereas the source of least variability (1.5% total variance) was between sessions ($${\sigma }_{sess}^{2}$$ σ sess 2 = 4.83 N2). Derived inter-session and inter-session-repetition ICCs were 0.88 (95%CI: 0.77 to 0.94) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.53 to 0.84) respectively. Inter-session-repetition ICC provides a more conservative estimate of reliability than inter-session ICC, with the magnitude of difference being clinically meaningful. Quantifying individual sources of variability enables ICC construction to be reflective of individual testing protocols.

scholarly journals Measuring pressure pain threshold in the cervical region of dizzy patients-The reliability of a pressure algometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. e1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Kalland Knapstad ◽  
Stein Helge Glad Nordahl ◽  
Ingvill Fjell Naterstad ◽  
Tove Ask ◽  
Jan Sture Skouen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Algometer

Design and Evaluation of a Computer-Controlled Pressure Algometer

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Zimkowski ◽  
Emily M. Lindley ◽  
Vikas V. Patel ◽  
Mark E. Rentschler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
New Device ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Computer Controlled

A challenge is always presented when attempting to measure the pain an individual patient experiences. Unfortunately, present technologies rely nearly exclusively on subjective techniques. Using these current techniques, a physician may use a manually operated algometer and a series of questionnaires to gauge an individual patient’s pain scale. Unfortunately these devices and test methods have been suggested to introduce error due to variability and inconsistent testing methods. Some studies have shown large variability, while others have shown minimal variability, both between patients and within the same patient during multiple testing sessions. Recent studies have also shown a lack of correlation between pain threshold and pain tolerance in pain sensitivity tests. Hand-held algometer devices can be difficult to maintain consistent application rates over multiple test periods, possibly adding to widespread variability. Furthermore, there are limited test results that correlate pain ratings with biological measures in real time. The computer-controlled pressure algometer described is not hand-held or dependent on significant examiner input. This new device is capable of recording electrocardiograph (ECG), blood pressure (BP), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pressure pain tolerance (PPTol) in real time. One major goal is the capability of correlating pain stimuli with algometer pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure. If a predictable correlation between vital signs and pain could be established, significant gains in the understanding of pain could result. Better understanding of pain will ultimately lead to improvements in treatment and diagnosis of pain conditions, helping patients and physicians alike.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Fibromyalgia and Pressure Pain Threshold in Patients with Dyspareunia

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Terzi ◽  
Rabia Terzi ◽  
Ahmet Kale
Keyword(s):  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tender Points ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Pain Thresholds ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the number of tender points, pressure pain threshold and presence of fibromyalgia among women with or without dyspareunia.METHODS: The present cross-sectional study included 40 patients with dyspareunia and 30 healthy controls. The participants were asked if they had engaged in sexual intercourse during the previous four weeks, and dyspareunia was rated from 0 to 3 based on the Marinoff Dyspareunia Scale. A pressure algometer (dolorimeter) was used to measure the pressure pain threshold. Fibromyalgia was diagnosed based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria. The depression status of the participants was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory.RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found with regard to age, body mass index, habits (alcohol use and smoking), educational status and occupational status between the two groups. Total myalgic score, total control score and tender point mean pain threshold were significantly lower in the group with dyspareunia. The number of tender points was significantly higher in patients with dyspareunia. The mean Beck Depression Inventory score was 14.7 ±8.4 in the dyspareunia group compared with 11.2 ±7.1 in the control group. Five (12.5%) of the patients with dyspareunia were diagnosed with fibromyalgia, whereas no patients in the control group were diagnosed with fibromyalgia. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the presence of fibromyalgia.CONCLUSION: The finding of lower pressure pain thresholds and a higher number of tender points among patients with dyspareunia suggests that these patients may have increased generalized pain thresholds. Additional studies involving a larger number of patients are required to investigate the presence of central mechanisms in the pathogenesis of dyspareunia.

scholarly journals Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of Strength Measurements Using a Pull Hand-Held Dynamometer Fixed to the Examiner’s Body and Comparison with Push Dynamometry

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Javier González-Rosalén ◽  
Josep Carles Benítez-Martínez ◽  
Francesc Medina-Mirapeix ◽  
Alba Cuerda-Del Pino ◽  
Antonio Cervelló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Hand held dynamometers (HHDs) are the most used method to measure strength in clinical sitting. There are two methods to realize the assessment: pull and push. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of a new measurement modality for pull HHD and to compare the inter-rater reliability and agreement of the measurements. Forty healthy subjects were evaluated by two assessors with different body composition and manual strength. Fifteen isometric tests were performed in two sessions with a one-week interval between them. Reliability was examined using the intra-class correlation (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM). Agreement between raters was examined using paired t-tests. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for the tests performed with the pull HHD showed excellent values, with ICCs ranging from 0.991 to 0.998. For tests with values higher than 200 N, push HHD showed greater differences between raters than pull HHD. Pull HHD attached to the examiner’s body is a method with excellent reliability to measure isometric strength and showed better agreement between examiners, especially for those tests that showed high levels of strength. Pull HHD is a new alternative to perform isometric tests with less rater dependence.

scholarly journals The Validity and Reliability Test of Modified Picture Vocabulary Test IV in 48-59 Months Old Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Sumarni ◽  
Amendi Nasution ◽  
Luh K Wahyuni ◽  
Trevino Pakasi
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Objectives: To investigate the validity and reliability of Modified Picture Vocabulary Test IV (PPVTIV) in 48-59 months old child. Methods 228 items in 19 sets of PPVT IV were translated in Indonesian language and revised according to Indonesian culture. One hundred and five 48-59 months old children were tested. The results wereanalyzed for its construct validity and reliability. The construct validity was valued by the correlation coefficient between the set score and the total score and the correlation coefficient between the itemscore and the set score. The reliability was valued by intra-class correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement (SEM) and Cronbach alpha.Results: The construct validity of Modified PPVT IV was good (r>0.256; α=0.01 n=100) and the reliability was high (internal consistency with Cronbach alpha= 0.938, inter-rater reliability= 0.957-0,985 and standard error of measurement (SEM) = 6.4).Conclusions: Modified PPVT IV was a valid instrument with satisfactory reliability. To increase the construct validity, there were 36 items that should be substituted.Key Words: Modified PPVT IV, construct validity, internal consistency reliability, inter-rater reliability, standard error of measurement Received in

scholarly journals AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF PAIN THRESHOLD IN TRIVIDHA SATWABALA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2385-2391
Author(s):  
Anushree M. S ◽  
Soumya Saraswathi. M ◽  
Vidyanath R.
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Pain Visual Analog Scale

Introduction: ‘Purusha’ the sentient being in Ayurveda is formed by the combination of Satwa (Mind), Atma (Soul) and Shareera (Body). Among these, paramount importance has been given to the role of the mind in both health and diseased states. In the present study, the term Satwa has been used to denote Satwabala or the psychic strength of an individual. The assessment of Satwabala is an important part in examination of the patient and while planning the treatment. The interrelationship of mind and body is well explained in Ayurveda. The pain inflicted on one's body has influence on his mind. Some people feel pain more intensely than others and some tolerate it so much more than others. Thus, quantification of pain with reference to psychic strength is essential for diagnostic and pain monitoring purposes in clinical practice. Aim and Objectives: The study was carried out with an aim to assess the Pain threshold in the form of Pressure Pain Threshold [PPT] and the Pain intensity in the form of the Visual Analog Scale [VAS] in three types of Satwabala. It was hypothesised that there could be a positive relation between Satwabala and Pain threshold. Methods: For the objective assessment of Pressure Pain Threshold a simple handheld pressure Algometer has been used. For the subjective measurement of experimental pain, Visual Analog Scale was used. Further, the Satwa of participants was assessed using a standard questionnaire. Results: The resultssuggested that in people between the age group of 18-40 years, there exist a statistically highly significant positive correlation between Satwabala and Pain threshold with P< 0.01. Keywords: Satwa, Satwabala, Pain threshold, Pressure Pain Threshold, Visual Analog Scale.

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