High-sensitive colour indicator of absorbed dose of epithermal neutrons radiation

In our study, the high-sensitivity colour indicator of the absorbed dose of radiation of epithermal neutrons with energy 0 to 10 keV for dosimetry of low-energy neutrons was developed. We had been developed an indicator on the basis of the dye solution of arsenazo III and gadopentetic acid, allowing precisely define of absorbed dose in the range 2 to 103 Gy. The properties of arsenazo III as metallic indicator, which changes colour after binding of free ions of metals, were used. Colour of the indicator solution before irradiation and after it is stable enough in time at storage in the dark, at artificial illumination or at scattered sunlight. The developed indicator, consisting of a solution of arsenazo III and gadopentetic acid, allows estimating the absorbed dose of epithermal neutron irradiation with good accuracy and reduces the error of measurement related to changing colour of dye under the influence of other factors (light, temperature etc.) Dosimeter is tissue-equivalent and possesses a high-sensitivity neutron radiation due to the content of gadolinium in solution, which has great neutron capture cross-section. The developed dosimeter persists spectrophotometric characteristics after irradiaion within few weeks that allows to use it for measurement of the absorbed dose, both in real time mode and with the delayed measurement within few weeks.

Reliability of resting metabolic rate between and within day measurements using the Vyntus CPX system and comparison against predictive formulas

Background: To detect longitudinal changes of resting metabolic rate (RMR) resulting from the effects of energetic stress, reliable RMR measurements are crucial. The Vyntus CPX is a new automated indirect calorimetry system for which RMR reliability has not been determined. Additionally, its agreement with common predictive RMR formulas is unknown. Aim: To determine the within and between-day reliability of RMR measurements using the Vyntus CPX system and its agreement with predictive RMR formulas. Methods: Young (31 ± 7 years) healthy participants (n = 26, 12 females, 14 males) completed three measurements of RMR, two consecutive measures on the same day, one the day before/after, all under standardised conditions. Reliability was assessed with pairwise comparisons of between-day at the same time (BDST), within day consecutive measurements (WDCM) and between-day different time (BDDT), for parameters of reliability (mean change (MC), intraclass correlation (ICC) and typical error of measurement (TEM)). Measured RMR values (kcal/day) were compared against predictive values of 4 common formulas. Results: Parameters of reliability (mean, (95% confidence interval)) were: -BDST: MC, 0.2(-2.3—2.7)% (p = 0.67); ICC, 0.92(0.84—0.97); TEM, 4.5(3.5—6.2)%. -WDCM: MC, −2.5(-6.2—1.3)% (p = 0.21); ICC, 0.88(0.74—0.88); TEM, 7.0(5.4—9.8)%. -BDDT: MC, −1.5(-4.8—1.9)% (p = 0.57); ICC, 0.90(0.76—0.95); TEM, 6.1(4.8—8.5)%. RMRratios (measured/predicted) were: 1.04 ± 0.14 (Nelson, p = 0.13), 1.03 ± 0.10 (Mifflin, p = 0.21), 0.98 ± 0.09 (Harris-benedict, p = 0.30), 0.95 ± 0.11 (Cunningham1980, p = 0.01), 1.00 ± 0.12 (Cunningham1991, p = 0.90) and 0.96 ± 0.13 (DXA, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The Vyntus CPX is reliable and measured RMR values agreed with four predictive formulas but are lower than Cunningham1980 and DXA RMR estimates for this population.

PROTOCOL FOR ASSESSING THE PRECISION OF PARALYMPIC BOCCIA PLAYERS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although Paralympic boccia is an up-and-coming sport, demanding more and requiring higher levels of performance from athletes, protocols are not available for evaluating its indicators. Objective: To develop and verify the applicability of a new protocol for assessing the precision of athletes of the sport. Methods: Two targets with two different resolutions (0.5 [RES-0.5] and 1.0 [RES-1.0] points) were developed, graduated from 1 to 7. The protocol consists of placing the targets at 6 locations on the court, and each athlete makes two shots for each target. The best results are considered, from which total precision (TotalP), short precision (SP), medium precision (MP) and long precision (LP) are extracted. Nine players participated in the application of the protocol. The indicators of both targets were compared and verified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEm), bias (Bland-Altman) and minimum detectable difference (MDD). Results: Only for LP were there differences between targets (RES-0.5: 9.111 versus RES-1.0: 7.167; p <0.05), while TotalP, SP and MP did not show any significant differences (RES-0.5: 23.11 versus RES-1.0: 25.39; RES-0.5: 18.22 versus RES-1.0: 17.78; RES-0.5: 9.11 versus RES-1.0: 12.44, respectively). In addition, the RES-0.5 target obtained better concordance results (ICC = 0.73; SEm = 3.45; bias = -0.5938; MDD = 8.00), while the RES-1.0 target obtained lower values (CCI = 0.53; SEm = 6.28; bias = 0.3750; MDD = 14.56). Conclusions: The proposed protocol presents excellent applicability results. However, a larger sample of athletes including more details on specific precision indicators should be performed. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.

Sistem Monitoring Frekuensi Denyut Nadi pada Pelari Menggunakan Metode Photoplethysmographic

<p class="Abstract">Lari merupakan olahraga yang efektif untuk membakar kalori. Namun, olahraga ini mempunyai dampak negatif bagi pelari yang mampu memicu serangan jantung sehingga dibutuhkan alat kesehatan untuk mendeteksi frekuensi denyut nadi saat berlari. Tujuan penelitian ini merancang sistem monitoring frekuensi denyut nadi secara real time pada pelari dengan menggunakan easily plugin pulse sensor berbasis photoplethysmographic. Sensor tersebut terdiri atas transmitter dan receiver infrared yang dipasang pada ujung jari tengah yang mana melalui jaringan kulit mampu mendeteksi volume darah. Fitur buzzer digunakan sebagai alarm jika denyut jantung mencapai 170 Beat Per Minute (BPM). Alat ini juga dilengkapi dengan aplikasi Android yang memudahkan pihak lain memonitoring keadaan denyut nadi pelari. Bluetooth HC-05 sebagai modul komunikasi data antara Arduino dan Android. Alat yang dirancang memiliki error maksimum sebesar 0,73% berdasarkan data percobaan dari 5 partisipan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sistem monitoring frekuensi denyut nadi secara real time mampu mendeteksi serangan jantung saat berlari dan adanya fitur data logger digunakan untuk rekap medis keadaan frekuensi denyut jantung saat berlari tanpa menggunakan aplikasi smartphone Android.</p><p class="Abstract"> </p><p class="Abstract"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Judul2"><em>Running is the most popular workout around the world, because the most accessible, the cheapest and organized sport. However, running is dangerous in people suffering from heart disease. Hence, the medical device to detect heart failure for runners is required. In this paper, a monitoring system and data logger for detecting heart pulse by using easily plugin pulse sensor heart beat and its implementation for runners is newly proposed. The proposed method of sensor to detect the heart beat by using Photoplesthymograph principle. The sensor consists of transmitter and receiver infrared through to skin tissue to detect the blood volume. Different to previous work, the proposed device can be real time to monitor runners while running and have alarm when their heart beat reach 170 BPM. This device is also equipped with an Android application that facilitate other parties to monitor the runner’s heart beat. By using OMRON HEM-7203 as comparison devices, the rate error of measurement result is 0,086% within 5 participans. The proposed device is suitable for heart pulse monitoring system for runners in real time to reduce the heart attack while running.</em><em> </em></p><p class="Abstract"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

Reliability of Repeated Trials Protocols for Body Composition Assessment by Air Displacement Plethysmography

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is fast, accurate, and reliable. Nevertheless, in about 3% of the cases, standard ADP tests provide rogue results. To spot these outliers and improve precision, repeated trials protocols have been devised, but few works have addressed their reliability. This study was conducted to evaluate the test–retest reliabilities of two known protocols and a new one, proposed here. Ninety-two healthy adults (46 men and 46 women) completed six consecutive ADP tests. To evaluate the reliability of single measurements, we used the results of the first two tests; for multiple measures protocols, we computed the test result from trials 1–3 and the retest result from trials 4–6. Bland–Altman analysis revealed that the bias and the width of the 95% interval of agreement were smaller for multiple trials than for single ones. For percent body fat (%BF)/fat-free mass, the technical error of measurement was 1% BF/0.68 kg for single trials and 0.62% BF/0.46 kg for the new protocol of multiple trials, which proved to be the most reliable. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was 2.77% BF/1.87 kg for single trials and 1.72% BF/1.26 kg for the new protocol.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Krogh-Poulsen Test for the Diagnosis of the Temporomandibular Disorders

The Krogh-Poulsen Test is a classic instrument to measure dysfunction of the stomatognathic system whose psychometric properties are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Krogh-Poulsen Test for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). A cross-sectional study was designed, including 119 patients (63 patients with TMD and 56 healthy controls). Factorial validity, inter-rater reliability, error of measurement, diagnostic validity of the Krogh-Poulsen Test, and concurrent validity were analyzed. The Krogh-Poulsen Test showed a three-factor structure. The inter-rater agreement could be considered very good with a kappa index of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.90) and Standard Error of Measurement of 0.79. Correlations were strong with other orofacial instruments, moderate with instruments measuring TMD-related disorders such as neck pain, headache, or dizziness, and poor with generic quality of life instruments. The Area under the Curve ROC was 0.928 showing, for a cut-off point >1, a sensitivity of 90.48 (95% CI 80.4–96.4) and a specificity of 85.71 (95% CI 73.8–93.6) for the diagnosis of TMD disorders. The Krogh-Poulsen Test showed a three-factor structure, very good inter-rater reliability, a strong correlation with other orofacial instruments, and an excellent capacity to discriminate between patients with or without TMD.

French translation and validation of the Keele STarT MSK Tool

Background The Keele STarT MSK Tool is a 10-item questionnaire developed to classify patients suffering from one of the five most common types of musculoskeletal pain into 3 sub-groups of risk of chronic pain (i.e. low risk, medium risk and high risk). Objective The objective of the present study was to translate the Keele STarT MSK Tool into French and to evaluate its main psychometric properties. Methods The translation and intercultural adaptation of the questionnaire were carried out using a 6-step process. The following psychometric properties were investigated: floor and ceiling effects, construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability including Standard Error of Measurement and Smallest Detectable Change. Results 101 patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain participated in the study. No floor nor ceiling effects were observed. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.65 was found, revealing a moderate internal consistency. Nevertheless, all items were demonstrated to be significantly correlated with the total score (range of correlations: r=0.2 for item 7 to r=0.78 for item 1). A good construct validity was also found with a significant correlation of r=0.78 between the French Keele STarT MSK Tool and the ÖMPSQ-short. Test-retest reliability was excellent (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 0.97). A Standard Error of Measurement of 0.42 and a Smallest Detectable Change of ±1.17 were measured. Conclusion A validated French version of the Keele STarT MSK Tool is now available and can be used by health practitioners to stratify patients as being at low, medium or high risk of persistent musculoskeletal pain.

A modified digital functional reach test device using an ultrasonic sensor for balance assessment: A test of validity and reliability

Study aim: Evaluation of dynamic balance is inferred to be compulsory for fall prevention in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a modified digital functional reach test device using an ultrasonic sensor for balance assessment and to test validity and reliability of the newly developed tool to qualify psychometric properties. Material and methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of a convenient sample including 50 participants both males and females. Mean age of the participants was 51.20 ± 19.30 years. Reliability of the newly developed device was analysed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). The criterion validity was also investigated using a yardstick mounted on the wall at a level of shoulder together with the MaxTraq® 2D motion analysis software. The modified digital functional reach test device using an ultrasonic sensor was correlated with the conventional FRT and the MaxTraq® 2D motion analysis. Results: The results presented that test-retest reliability of the modified digital functional reach test device was good reliability (ICC = 0.76) and low standard error of measurement (1.41) was found for test-retest reliability. The degree of agreement between the modified device, the conventional FRT, and the MaxTraq® 2D motion analysis was high (r = 0.71 and 0.77 respectively). Conclusions: The findings suggested that the modified digital functional reach test device using an ultrasonic sensor was a valid and reliable instrument for fall risk screening towards functional reach distance.

Reliability of a Cycle Sprint Test to Measure Lower Limb Muscle Power

This study examined the reliability of a cycle sprint test for measuring lower limb muscle power. Twenty asymptomatic volunteers completed the test on two occasions, with one week between test sessions. Participants sat on a stationary road bicycle with commercial power meters in the pedal cranks. Maximum and average muscle power was measured during three, 10-second sprint efforts. The test demonstrated excellent within- and between-day reliability for both maximum and average power measurement (ICC=0.93 to 0.97). The within-day Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) was between 25.9W (6.1%) and 35.1W (8.5%), and 24.8 (6.5%) and 28.6W (7.7%) for maximum and average power respectively. The between-day SEM was 34.3W (7.8%) for maximum power and 26.4W (7.1%) for average power. Reliability of the cycle sprint test has been established, along with thresholds for significant change. The cycle sprint test may have relevance in clinical populations to evaluate lower limb muscle power following injury, or to measure rehabilitation outcomes.