scholarly journals Assessment of the effects of ischaemia/ hypoxia on angiogenesis in rat myofascial trigger points using colour Doppler flow imaging

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10481
Author(s):  
Fangyan Jiang ◽  
Shuangcheng Yu ◽  
Haiqing Su ◽  
Shangyong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow Imaging ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

Background & Aims Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common non-articular disorder of the musculoskeletal system that is characterized by the presence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Despite the high prevalence of MPS, its pathogenesis, which induces the onset and maintenance of MTrPs, is still not completely understood. To date, no studies have investigated the changes in the biochemical milieu caused by ischaemia/hypoxia in the MTrP regions of muscle that are proposed in the integrated hypothesis. Therefore, this study investigated whether ischaemic/hypoxic conditions participate in the formation of active MTrPs and affect angiogenesis using colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). Methods Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a model group and a normal control group. A model of active MTrPs was established by a blunt strike combined with eccentric exercise. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were employed to detect the levels of HIF-1α and VEGF. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. CDFI was applied to observe the blood flow signals in the MTrPs, which were classified into four grades based on their strengths. Results Compared with the control group, the active MTrP group exhibited significantly higher HIF-1α and VEGF levels and MVD values. These differences were accompanied by increased blood flow signals. In the active MTrP group, the blood flow signal grade was positively correlated with the MVD (P < 0.05) and independently correlated with the VEGF level (P < 0.05) but was not correlated with the expression of HIF-1α (P > 0.05). Conclusion Ischaemic/hypoxic conditions may be involved in the formation of MTrPs. CDFI is useful for detection of the features of angiogenesis in or surrounding MTrPs via assessment of blood flow signals.

scholarly journals Acupotomy Alleviates Energy Crisis at Rat Myofascial Trigger Points

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Ning-Yu Du ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Li-Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lower Treatment ◽  
Lidocaine Injection ◽  
Mechanical Pain Thresholds

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acupotomy on energy crises in rat trigger points (TrPs) by measuring mechanical pain thresholds (MPTs) and levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), free sarcoplasmic calcium (Ca2+), adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rat muscle TrP tissue. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups: control, TrP, acupotomy, and lidocaine injection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure AChE, and free sarcoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations were determined by fluorescent staining with Fura-2 AM; high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure ATP and AMP, and SP and CGRP were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, free sarcoplasmic Ca2+, AMP, SP, and CGRP were higher in the model group, while MPT, AChE, and ATP were lower. Treatment with acupotomy or lidocaine injection reduced free sarcoplasmic Ca2+, SP, and CGRP and increased MPTs and AChE levels compared with the model group. However, only acupotomy also led to decreased AMP and increased ATP levels relative to the model group. We conclude that acupotomy can alleviate energy crises at TrPs.

scholarly journals Histopathological Nature of Myofascial Trigger Points at Different Stages of Recovery from Injury in a Rat Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jiao-Jiao Lü ◽  
Qiang-Min Huang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Qing-Guang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Longitudinal View ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Objective To investigate the histopathological nature of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) or spots (MTrSs) at different stages of recovery from injury in a rat model. Methods Forty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The CG was further randomly subdivided into CG1 and CG2 subgroups. The CG2 was used for palpating the taut band and CG1 as a blank. EG was subdivided into three groups according to recovery times: 4 weeks (4W), 8 weeks (8W) and 12 weeks (12W); these groups consisted of eight rats each. All CG rats received no intervention, whereas the intervention in EG rats was by a blunt strike to the vastus medialis and eccentric exercise for 8 weeks. The taut bands with spontaneous electrical activity were then detected in the muscle to guide a muscle biopsy. The histopathological findings were investigated under optical and electron microscopes in all groups. Results Under optical microscopy, the differently augmented sizes of round fibres (contracture knots) with deep staining in the transverse section and fusiform shapes in a longitudinal view were clearly seen in CG2 and EGs with a large diameter; the number of contracture knots was significantly more in EGs than in CGs. Under an electron microscope, the mitochondria in EGs significantly decreased with abnormal structures. The sarcomeres were significantly shortened in the 8W and 12W EGs. Conclusion An injury can cause activation of MTrSs in a muscle and an activated level of MTrPs depending on the number of contracture knots in muscle with impaired energy production.

scholarly journals BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY (BFV) IN THE STRIATE ARTERIES OF BASAL GANGLIA (SABC) WITH HYPERECHOGENICITIES IN THEIR WALL. A COLOUR DOPPLER FLOW IMAGING STUDY (CDI)

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-281
Author(s):  
Adelma Pellicer ◽  
Fernando Cabañas ◽  
Alfredo García-Alix ◽  
Ana Martin-Ancel ◽  
Tom A Stiris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Flow Imaging ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Doppler Flow

scholarly journals Effects of Dry Needling on Spinal Mobility and Trigger Points in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (20;2) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaida María Castro-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Spinal Mobility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Erect Position

Background: The etiology of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is inconclusive, but central mechanisms are well accepted for this pain condition. Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal pain diseases and is characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). It has been suggest that MTrPs have an important factor in the genesis of FMS. Objective: The purpose of the current randomized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of dry needling versus cross tape on spinal mobility and MTrPs in spinal muscles in patients with FMS. Study Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients with FMS. Setting: Clinical setting. Methods: Sixty-four patients with FMS were randomly assigned to an experimental group receiving dry needling therapy or to a control group for cross tape therapy in the MTrPs in the latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis, multifidus, and quadratus lumbourum muscles. Spinal mobility measures and MTrPs algometry were recorded at baseline and after 5 weeks of treatment. Results: The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that significant differences between groups were achieved for the MTrPs in latissimus dorsi muscle (right axillary portion: F = 9.80, P = 0.003); multifidus muscle (right L2 level: F = 11.80, P = 0.001); quadratus lumborum (right lateral superficial upper: F = 6.67, P = 0.012; and right lateral superficial lower: F = 5.38, P = 0.024). In addition, the ANOVA repeated measures test showed significant differences between groups for the segmental amplitude thoracic spine in the standing erect position (F = 7.33, P = 0.009), and segmental amplitude of lumbar spine (F = 11.60, P = 0.001) in the sitting erect position. Limitations: The outcomes were not collected from a long-term follow-up period. Dry needling therapy or cross tape were used alone when in reality physical therapists usually treat patients with FMS using a multi-modal approach. A non-treatment control group was not included. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that dry needling therapy reduces myofacial trigger points algometry on thoracic and lumbar muscles. Dry needling and cross tape approaches reported a similar effect size for spinal mobility measures in patients with FMS. Key words: Fibromyalgia, trigger points, physical therapy modalities, musculoskeletal equilibrium, myofascial pain syndromes

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndromes Involving the Neck and Back: A Review from a Clinical Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Climent ◽  
Ta-Shen Kuan ◽  
Pedro Fenollosa ◽  
Francisco Martin-del-Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Myofascial Pain Syndromes ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points

Introduction. Botulinum toxin inhibits acetylcholine (ACh) release and probably blocks some nociceptive neurotransmitters. It has been suggested that the development of myofascial trigger points (MTrP) is related to an excess release of ACh to increase the number of sensitized nociceptors. Although the use of botulinum toxin to treat myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) has been investigated in many clinical trials, the results are contradictory. The objective of this paper is to identify sources of variability that could explain these differences in the results.Material and Methods. We performed a content analysis of the clinical trials and systematic reviews of MPS.Results and Discussion. Sources of differences in studies were found in the diagnostic and selection criteria, the muscles injected, the injection technique, the number of trigger points injected, the dosage of botulinum toxin used, treatments for control group, outcome measures, and duration of followup. The contradictory results regarding the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in MPS associated with neck and back pain do not allow this treatment to be recommended or rejected. There is evidence that botulinum toxin could be useful in specific myofascial regions such as piriformis syndrome. It could also be useful in patients with refractory MPS that has not responded to other myofascial injection therapies.

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