Effects of fragrance compounds on growth of the silkworm Bombyx mori

Due to the contamination and biological toxicity of some fragrance compounds, the environmental and ecological problems of such compounds have attracted more and more attention. However, studies of the toxicity of fragrance compounds for insects have been limited. The toxicity of 48 fragrance compounds for the silkworm Bombyx mori were investigated in this study. All of the fragrance compounds examined had no acute toxicity for B. mori larvae, but eight of them (menthol, maltol, musk xylene, musk tibeten, dibutyl sulfide, nerolidol, ethyl vanillin, and α-amylcinnamaldehyde) exhibited chronic and lethal toxicity with LC50 values from 20 to 120 µM. In a long-term feeding study, musk tibeten, nerolidol, and musk xylene showed significant growth regulatory activity. They were also extremely harmful to the cocooning of B. mori, resulting in small, thin, and loose cocoons. Two important insect hormones, namely, juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E), were quantified in hemolymph following chronic exposure to musk tibeten, nerolidol, and musk xylene, respectively. Musk tibeten significantly increased JH titer and decreased the 20-E titer in hemolymph, and musk xylene had a significant inhibitory effect on JH titer and increased 20-E titer. Although nerolidol had no effect on hormone levels, exogenous JH mimic nerolidol increased the physiological effects of JH and significantly slowed the growth rate of B. mori larvae. The results showed that these fragrance compounds could interfere with the insect endocrine system, leading to death and abnormal growth. The risk to insects of residual fragrance compounds in the environment is worthy of attention.

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Practical use of a long term preservation method in the silkworm,Bombyx mori

10.1603/ice.2016.111717 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Tsuguru Fujii

Keyword(s):

Bombyx Mori ◽

Preservation Method ◽

Long Term Preservation ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

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Potential antidiarrheal agents: 1-(11-Cyano-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-yl-alkyl)- and 1-(10-cyano-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl-alkyl)-4-substituted piperidines

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19851089 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 1089-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karel Šindelář ◽

Jan Metyš ◽

Miroslav Protiva

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Substitution Reactions ◽

Significant Inhibitory Effect

Substitution reactions of 11-(2-bromoethyl)- and 11-(3-bromopropyl)-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-carbonitrile and further of 10-(2-bromoethyl)- and 10-(3-bromopropyl)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-carbonitrile with ethyl 4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate, 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol, 4-(2-tolyl)piperidin-4-ol, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ol, 4-(2-oxobenzimidazolin-1-yl)-piperidine and 1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one afforded the tricyclic piperidinoalkyl nitriles IV-XIII which are cyclic analogues of the antidiarrheal agents diphenoxylate (I) and loperamide (III). Out of the compounds prepared only IV and XI showed a significant inhibitory effect towards diarrhea elicited by intravenously administered serotonin in mice.

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A novel BRD4 inhibitor suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized osteoporosis by blocking RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-03939-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Ying Liu ◽

Wenjie Liu ◽

Ziqiang Yu ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Yinghua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Osteoporosis Treatment ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Actin Ring ◽

Treatment Target ◽

Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽

Promising Treatment

AbstractBromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has emerged as a promising treatment target for bone-related disorders. (+)-JQ1, a thienotriazolodiazepine compound, has been shown to inhibit pro-osteoclastic activity in a BRD4-dependent approach and impede bone loss caused by ovariectomy (OVX) in vivo. However, clinical trials of (+)-JQ1 are limited because of its poor druggability. In this study, we synthesized a new (+)-JQ1 derivative differing in structure and chirality. One such derivative, (+)-ND, exhibited higher solubility and excellent inhibitory activity against BRD4 compared with its analogue (+)-JQ1. Interestingly, (-)-JQ1 and (-)-ND exhibited low anti-proliferative activity and had no significant inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis as compared with (+)-JQ1 and (+)-ND, suggesting the importance of chirality in the biological activity of compounds. Among these compounds, (+)-ND displayed the most prominent inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, (+)-ND could inhibit osteoclast-specific gene expression, F‐actin ring generation, and bone resorption in vitro and prevent bone loss in OVX mice. Collectively, these findings indicated that (+)-ND represses RANKL‐stimulated osteoclastogenesis and averts OVX-triggered osteoporosis by suppressing MAPK and NF-κB signalling cascades, suggesting that it may be a prospective candidate for osteoporosis treatment.

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Effect of Anticonvulsants on the Uptake of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid by the Choroid Plexus in Rabbits

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0530075 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

H. Taguchi ◽

Z. Abdul-Cader ◽

J. Perry ◽

E. H. Reynolds ◽

I. Chanarin

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Choroid Plexus ◽

Incubation Medium ◽

Pernicious Anaemia ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Acid Therapy ◽

Pteroylglutamic Acid

1. The isolated choroid plexus of the rabbit takes up 5-methyltetrahydrofolate from the incubation medium. 2. Other folate analogues (pteroylglutamic acid, methotrexate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate = folinic acid) inhibited the uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 3. The uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was inhibited by low temperature, anaerobic conditions and dinitrophenol. 4. The anticonvulsant drugs, diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital, had no effect on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate uptake. 5. The inhibitory effect of pteroylglutamic acid on the uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate by the choroid plexus may explain the effect of long-term folic acid therapy in aggravating vitamin B12 neuropathy in pernicious anaemia.

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Influence of N-methyl-d-aspartate on the reproductive axis of male Syrian hamsters

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1370247 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 137 (2) ◽

pp. 247-NP ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. F. Urbanski ◽

M. M. Fahy ◽

P. M. Collins

Keyword(s):

Hormone Secretion ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Stimulatory Action ◽

Syrian Hamsters ◽

Reproductive Axis ◽

Treatment Paradigm ◽

Testicular Size ◽

Lh Releasing Hormone

ABSTRACT The influence of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) on reproductive neuroendocrine function was investigated in adult male Syrian hamsters of the LSH/Ss Lak strain. Before the study, the animals were maintained in a sexually regressed condition, under short days (SD) and subsequently were either transferred to long days (LD) or kept under SD, for a further 4 weeks. In the former group, photostimulation produced a predictable elevation in the hypophysial contents and serum concentrations of FSH and LH. This was accompanied by an increase in testicular size, an elevation in serum testosterone levels and an increase in spermatogenic activity; the SD hamsters remained sexually quiescent throughout the study. In contrast, SD hamsters that were given daily injections of the EAA agonist, N-methyl-d,l-aspartate (NMA: 50 mg/kg body weight, s.c.), showed stimulatory responses that were generally even more pronounced than those shown by the LD group. Surprisingly, an identical NMA treatment paradigm failed to cause a similar activation of the reproductive axis in LD hamsters that were given daily afternoon injections of melatonin (25 μg, s.c), even though the inhibitory effect of this melatonin treatment is generally regarded as being comparable with that produced by exposure to SD. Although EAAs can acutely stimulate the neurocircuitry that controls LH-releasing hormone secretion, the present findings suggest that EAAs might also exert a long-term stimulatory action by acting further upstream in the photoneuroendocrine pathway. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 137, 247–252

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Inhibitory effect of ipriflavone on osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and new osteoclast formation in long-term cultures of mouse unfractionated bone cells

Calcified Tissue International ◽

10.1007/bf01321839 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 206-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kohei Notoya ◽

Keiji Yoshida ◽

Shigehisa Taketomi ◽

Iwao Yamazaki ◽

Masayoshi Kumegawa

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Osteoclast Formation

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Paediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Disease: Long-Term Sequelae in the Hypothalamic Endocrine System

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000517040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Elisa Vaiani ◽

Guido Felizzia ◽

Fabiana Lubieniecki ◽

Jorge Braier ◽

Alicia Belgorosky

Keyword(s):

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Langerhans Cell ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Pituitary Hormone ◽

Multisystem Disease ◽

Anterior Pituitary Hormone

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder of the mononuclear phagocyte system that can affect almost any organ and system. The most common central nervous system (CNS) manifestation in LCH is the infiltration of the hypothalamic-pituitary region leading to destruction and neurodegeneration of CNS tissue. The latter causes the most frequent endocrinological manifestation, that is, central diabetes insipidus (CDI), and less often anterior pituitary hormone deficiency (APD). The reported incidence of CDI is estimated between 11.5 and 24% and is considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease and APD. Three risk factors for development of CDI are recognized in the majority of the studies: (1) multisystem disease, (2) the occurrence of reactivations or active disease for a prolonged period, and (3) the presence of craniofacial bone lesions. Since CDI may occur as the first manifestation of LCH, differential diagnosis of malignant diseases like germ cell tumours must be made. APD is almost always associated with CDI and can appear several years after the diagnosis of CDI. Growth hormone is the most commonly affected anterior pituitary hormone. Despite significant advances in the knowledge of LCH in recent years, little progress has been made in preventing long-term sequelae such as those affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

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