scholarly journals YUCCAauxin biosynthetic genes are required for Arabidopsis shade avoidance

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Müller-Moulé ◽  
Kazunari Nozue ◽  
Melissa L. Pytlak ◽  
Christine M. Palmer ◽  
Michael F. Covington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Treatment ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Petiole Elongation ◽  
Quadruple Mutant ◽  
Avoidance Responses

Plants respond to neighbor shade by increasing stem and petiole elongation. Shade, sensed by phytochrome photoreceptors, causes stabilization ofPHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORproteins and subsequent induction ofYUCCAauxin biosynthetic genes. To investigate the role ofYUCCAgenes in phytochrome-mediated elongation, we examined auxin signaling kinetics after an end-of-day far-red (EOD-FR) light treatment, and found that an auxin responsive reporter is rapidly induced within 2 hours of far-red exposure.YUCCA2, 5, 8,and9are all induced with similar kinetics suggesting that theycould act redundantly to control shade-mediated elongation. To test this hypothesis we constructed ayucca2, 5, 8, 9quadruple mutant and found that the hypocotyl and petiole EOD-FR and shade avoidance responses are completely disrupted. This work shows thatYUCCAauxin biosynthetic genes are essential for detectable shade avoidance and thatYUCCAgenes are important for petiole shade avoidance.

scholarly journals YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes are required for Arabidopsis shade avoidance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Müller-Moulé ◽  
Kazunari Nozue ◽  
Melissa L Pytlak ◽  
Christine M Palmer ◽  
Michael F Covington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Treatment ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Petiole Elongation ◽  
Quadruple Mutant

Plants respond to neighbor shade by increasing stem and petiole elongation. Shade, sensed by phytochrome photoreceptors, causes stabilization of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR proteins and subsequent induction of YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes. To investigate the role of YUCCA genes in phytochrome-mediated elongation we examined auxin signaling kinetics after an end-of-day far-red (EOD-FR) light treatment, and found that an auxin responsive reporter is rapidly induced within 2 hours of far-red exposure. YUCCA2, 5, 8, and 9 are all induced with similar kinetics suggesting that they could act redundantly to control shade-mediated elongation. To test this hypothesis we constructed a yucca2,5,8,9 quadruple mutant and found that the hypocotyl and petiole EOD-FR and shade avoidance are completely disrupted. This work shows that YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes are essential for detectable shade avoidance and that YUCCA genes are important for petiole shade avoidance.

scholarly journals YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes are required for Arabidopsis shade avoidance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Müller-Moulé ◽  
Kazunari Nozue ◽  
Melissa L Pytlak ◽  
Christine M Palmer ◽  
Michael F Covington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Treatment ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Petiole Elongation ◽  
Quadruple Mutant

Plants respond to neighbor shade by increasing stem and petiole elongation. Shade, sensed by phytochrome photoreceptors, causes stabilization of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR proteins and subsequent induction of YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes. To investigate the role of YUCCA genes in phytochrome-mediated elongation we examined auxin signaling kinetics after an end-of-day far-red (EOD-FR) light treatment, and found that an auxin responsive reporter is rapidly induced within 2 hours of far-red exposure. YUCCA2, 5, 8, and 9 are all induced with similar kinetics suggesting that they could act redundantly to control shade-mediated elongation. To test this hypothesis we constructed a yucca2,5,8,9 quadruple mutant and found that the hypocotyl and petiole EOD-FR and shade avoidance are completely disrupted. This work shows that YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes are essential for detectable shade avoidance and that YUCCA genes are important for petiole shade avoidance.

scholarly journals YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes are required for Arabidopsis shade avoidance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Müller-Moulé ◽  
Kazunari Nozue ◽  
Melissa L Pytlak ◽  
Christine M Palmer ◽  
Michael F Covington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Petiole Elongation ◽  
Quadruple Mutant

Plants respond to neighbor shade by increasing stem and petiole elongation. Shade, sensed by phytochrome photoreceptors, causes stabilization of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) proteins and subsequent induction of YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes. To investigate the role of YUCCA genes in shade avoidance we examined auxin signaling kinetics and found that an auxin responsive reporter is rapidly induced within 2 hours of shade exposure. YUCCA2, 5, 8, and 9 are all induced with similar kinetics suggesting that they could act redundantly to control shade-mediated elongation. To test this hypothesis we constructed a yucca2,5,8,9 quadruple mutant and found that the hypocotyl and petiole shade avoidance is completely disrupted. This work shows that YUCCA auxin biosynthetic genes are essential for detectable shade avoidance and that YUCCA genes are important for petiole shade avoidance.

scholarly journals Rewiring of auxin signaling under persistent shade

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (21) ◽  
pp. 5612-5617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornella Pucciariello ◽  
Martina Legris ◽  
Cecilia Costigliolo Rojas ◽  
María José Iglesias ◽  
Carlos Esteban Hernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
System Level ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Elevated Expression

Light cues from neighboring vegetation rapidly initiate plant shade-avoidance responses. Despite our detailed knowledge of the early steps of this response, the molecular events under prolonged shade are largely unclear. Here we show that persistent neighbor cues reinforce growth responses in addition to promoting auxin-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis and soybean. However, while the elevation of auxin levels is well established as an early event, in Arabidopsis, the response to prolonged shade occurs when auxin levels have declined to the prestimulation values. Remarkably, the sustained low activity of phytochrome B under prolonged shade led to (i) decreased levels of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) in the cotyledons (the organs that supply auxin) along with increased levels in the vascular tissues of the stem, (ii) elevated expression of the PIF4 targets INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 19 (IAA19) and IAA29, which in turn reduced the expression of the growth-repressive IAA17 regulator, (iii) reduced abundance of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6, (iv) reduced expression of MIR393 and increased abundance of its targets, the auxin receptors, and (v) elevated auxin signaling as indicated by molecular markers. Mathematical and genetic analyses support the physiological role of this system-level rearrangement. We propose that prolonged shade rewires the connectivity between light and auxin signaling to sustain shade avoidance without enhanced auxin levels.

scholarly journals MYCs and PIFs Act Independently in Arabidopsis Growth Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1797-1807
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Kazunari Nozue ◽  
Julin N. Maloof
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Petiole Elongation ◽  
The Relationship

Plants have a variety of strategies to avoid canopy shade and compete with their neighbors for light, collectively called the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Plants also have extensive systems to defend themselves against pathogens and herbivores. Defense and shade avoidance are two fundamental components of plant survival and productivity, and there are often tradeoffs between growth and defense. Recently, MYC2, a major positive regulator of defense, was reported to inhibit elongation during shade avoidance. Here, we further investigate the role of MYC2 and the related MYC3 and MYC4 in shade avoidance, and we examine the relationship between MYC2/3/4 and the PIF family of light-regulated transcription factors. We demonstrate that MYC2/3/4 inhibit both elongation and flowering. Furthermore, using both genetic and transcriptomic analysis we find that MYCs and PIFs generally function independently in growth regulation. However, surprisingly, the pif4/5/7 triple mutant restored the petiole shade avoidance response of myc2 (jin1-2) and myc2/3/4. We theorize that increased petiole elongation in myc2/3/4 could be more due to resource tradeoffs or post-translational modifications rather than interactions with PIF4/5/7 affecting gene regulation.

Manipulative Approaches to Testing Adaptive Plasticity: Phytochrome-Mediated Shade-Avoidance Responses in Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. S43
Author(s):  
Schmitt ◽  
Dudley ◽  
Pigliucci
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Responses

The role of MrbHLH1 and MrMYB1 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in tobacco and Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) during anthocyanin biosynthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Fen Liu ◽  
Xue-Ren Yin ◽  
Andrew C. Allan ◽  
Kui Lin-Wang ◽  
Yan-Na Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Chinese Bayberry ◽  
Myrica Rubra ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes

Changes in the responses to light quality during ontogeny in Chenopodium album

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Fabio Causin ◽  
Renata D Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Avoidance Responses

Morphological shade-avoidance responses have been hypothesized to be a form of adaptive plasticity to improve competition for light; however, little is known about their intraspecific variability and their effect on reproductive fitness. To compare plant responses either at a common age or at a common phenological stage, two experiments were conducted with early- and late-flowering Chenopodium album plants exposed to different red (660 nm) to far red (730 nm) ratios. In the first experiment, plant height and number of leaves were recorded at several times during the vegetative stage, and at the onset of flowering, each plant was harvested and other growth traits were measured. In the second experiment, three destructive harvests were performed across the whole plant cycle. Plant growth and development markedly differed between early- and late-flowering plants in all of the conditions tested. Light treatments significantly affected stem length, total leaf number, total leaf area, and relative allocation to leaf biomass. In all families, the response of stem elongation to light treatments decreased later in the development, while changes in the other plastic responses were mostly due to variations in plant growth. No significant treatment effect was found on relative biomass allocation to reproductive structures. However, individual seed mass significantly differed between certain groups, indicating that light quality can affect reproductive fitness through changes in traits other than fruit or seed set.Key words: Chenopodium album, fitness, intraspecific variability, phenotypic plasticity, red to far red ratio, shade-avoidance responses.

scholarly journals Subtle variation in shade avoidance responses may have profound consequences for plant competitiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca J Bongers ◽  
Ronald Pierik ◽  
Niels P R Anten ◽  
Jochem B Evers
Keyword(s):  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Responses
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