scholarly journals Extensive analysis of native and non-native Centaurea solstitialis L. populations across the world shows no traces of polyploidization

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona-Elena Irimia ◽  
Daniel Montesinos ◽  
Özkan Eren ◽  
Christopher J. Lortie ◽  
Kristine French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South America

Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle, Asteraceae) is a Eurasian native plant introduced as an exotic into North and South America, and Australia, where it is regarded as a noxious invasive. Changes in ploidy level have been found to be responsible for numerous plant biological invasions, as they are involved in trait shifts critical to invasive success, like increased growth rate and biomass, longer life-span, or polycarpy. C. solstitialis had been reported to be diploid (2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes), however, actual data are scarce and sometimes contradictory. We determined for the first time the absolute nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry and estimated ploidy level in 52 natural populations of C. solstitialis across its native and non-native ranges, around the world. All the C. solstitialis populations screened were found to be homogeneously diploid (average 2C value of 1.72 pg, SD = ±0.06 pg), with no significant variation in DNA content between invasive and non-invasive genotypes. We did not find any meaningful difference among the extensive number of native and non-native C. solstitialis populations sampled around the globe, indicating that the species invasive success is not due to changes in genome size or ploidy level.

Nuclear DNA amount in pure species and hybrid willows (Salix): a flow cytometric investigation

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Key Words Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Dna Amounts

Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to estimate the nuclear DNA content of 11 Salix species and 5 hybrids. One hundred and sixty nine individuals were studied including 159 individuals from a sequence of 32 communities along a stretch of river in France and 10 individuals from French and English collections for comparison. Isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. FCM was a significantly more practical and rapid technique than that of establishing the karyotype to survey many samples of Salix for variation in ploidy. The 2C DNA amounts for diploid species ranged from 0.76 to 0.98 pg, and tetraploid values ranged from 1.62 to 1.80 pg. The DNA values were consistent with the known ploidy levels. With the exception of a doubtful Salix xquercifolia, ploidy levels and DNA amounts of hybrids were intermediate compared with those of their parents. Intraspecific variation of nuclear DNA values including instrumental variation was low (i.e., 6-11% at the same ploidy level). FCM appeared to be an accurate tool for determination of Salix triploid hybrids. However, it remains limited concerning hybrids from crosses between species of the same ploidy level. Results suggest that natural hybridization might not be frequent in the communities studied, although they have been subject to disturbance. Previous overestimates of hybridization frequency in willows were probably due to misinterpretation of the effects of the environment on Salix spp. morphology; however, the extent and mechanisms of introgression in the genus remain to be further investigated. Key words: flow cytometry, Salix, hybridization, nuclear DNA content, riparian vegetation, disturbance.

scholarly journals Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of Echeveria (Crassulaceae)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Palomino ◽  
Javier Martínez-Ramón ◽  
Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo ◽  
Miriam Ladd-Otero ◽  
Patricia Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Dna Amounts

Echeveria is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for Echeveria is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a variety of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Additionally, there are no studies concerning nuclear DNA content and the extent of endopolyploidy. This work aims to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of 23 species of Echeveria collected in 9 states of Mexico, analyzing 2n chromosome numbers, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and endopolyploidy levels. Chromosome numbers were obtained from root tips. DNA content was obtained from the leaf parenchyma, which was processed according to the two-step protocol with Otto solutions and propidium iodide as fluorochrome, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. From the 23 species of Echeveria analyzed, 16 species lacked previous reports of 2n chromosome numbers. The 2n chromosome numbers found and analyzed in this research for Echeveria species ranged from 24 to 270. The range of 2C nuclear DNA amounts ranged from 1.26 pg in E. catorce to 7.70 pg in E. roseiflora, while the 1C values were 616 Mbp and 753 Mbp, respectively, for the same species. However, differences in the level of endopolyploidy nuclei were found, corresponding to 4 endocycles (8C, 16C, 32C and 64C) in E. olivacea, E. catorce, E. juarezensis and E. perezcalixii. In contrast, E. longiflora presented 3 endocycles (8C, 16C and 32C) and E. roseiflora presented 2 endocycles (8C and 16C). It has been suggested that polyploidization and diploidization processes, together with the presence of endopolyploidy, allowed Echeveria species to adapt and colonize new adverse environments.

scholarly journals Variation of nuclear DNA content in seeds of Nitraria schoberi L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00046
Author(s):  
Maria Voronkova ◽  
Evgeniy Banaev ◽  
Maria Tomoshevich ◽  
Taigana Ak-Lama
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
First Time

For the first time are search of nuclear DNA relative content in Nitraria schoberi L. seeds from 15 natural populations of Siberia, the Crimea, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan has been conducted by the method of flow cytometry. High intra-and interpopulational variations of nuclear DNA content - 2,93-3,39 pg, at average value - 3,22±0,108 pg is revealed.

Diversity in nuclear DNA content and ploidy level ofHedychiumspecies and hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidou F. Sakhanokho ◽  
M Nurul Islam-Faridi ◽  
Kanniah Rajasekaran ◽  
Cecil T. Pounders
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content

scholarly journals Determining Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in Rubus by Flow Cytometry

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengong Meng ◽  
Chad Finn
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Levels

Nuclear DNA flow cytometry was used to differentiate ploidy level and determine nuclear DNA content in Rubus. Nuclei suspensions were prepared from leaf discs of young leaves following published protocols with modifications. DNA was stained with propidium iodide. Measurement of fluorescence of 40 genotypes, whose published ploidy ranged from diploid to dodecaploid, indicated that fluorescence increased with an increase in chromosome number. Ploidy level accounted for 99% of the variation in fluorescence intensity (r2 = 0.99) and variation among ploidy levels was much higher than within ploidy levels. This protocol was used successfully for genotypes representing eight different Rubus subgenera. Rubus ursinus Cham. and Schldl., a native blackberry species in the Pacific Northwest, which has been reported to have 6x, 8x, 9x, 10x, 11x, and 12x forms, was extensively tested. Genotypes of R. ursinus were predominantly 12x, but 6x, 7x, 8x, 9x, 11x, and 13x forms were found as well. Attempts to confirm the 13x estimates with manual counts were unsuccessful. Ploidy level of 103 genotypes in the USDA-ARS breeding program was determined by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry confirmed that genotypes from crosses among 7x and 4x parents had chromosome numbers that must be the result of nonreduced gametes. This technique was effective in differentiating chromosome numbers differing by 1x, but was not able to differentiate aneuploids. Nuclear DNA contents of 21 diploid Rubus species from five subgenera were determined by flow cytometry. Idaeobatus, Chamaebatus, and Anaplobatus were significantly lower in DNA content than those of Rubus and Cylactis. In the Rubus subgenus, R. hispidus and R. canadensis had the lowest DNA content and R. sanctus had the highest DNA content, 0.59 and 0.75 pg, respectively. Idaeobatus had greater variation in DNA content among diploid species than the Rubus subgenus, with the highest being from R. ellipticus (0.69 pg) and lowest from R. illecebrosus (0.47 pg).

Determination of Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in Tunisian Populations of Atriplex halimus L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheiria Hcini ◽  
David J. Walker ◽  
Sadok Bouzid ◽  
Elena González ◽  
Nora Frayssinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Atriplex Halimus

scholarly journals Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Dorota Kruczyńska ◽  
Aleksandra Machlańska ◽  
Barbara Dyki ◽  
Iwona Sowik
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Dna Amount

Abstract Apple species and cultivars differ in nuclear (2C) DNA content and ploidy level. The majority of these genotypes are diploids, but there are some triploids and a few tetraploids. Nuclear DNA content is a specific feature and its flow cytometric evaluation can be helpful in differentiating taxa. For many apple genotypes – including all the Polish ones, these characteristics are not known. 2C DNA was evaluated in relation to leaf, flower, fruit, pollen grain and stomata sizes as well as to the flowering time for seventy genotypes (including 46 Polish cultivars) gathered in the gene bank of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland. For standard cultivars with the known chromosome number, 2C value was 1.71 pg for diploid cultivar ‘Alwa’ (2n=2x=34), 2.55 pg for triploid ‘Boskoop’ (3x=51), and 3.37 pg for tetraploid genome (4x=68) of mixoploid ‘McIntosh 2x+4x’. In 61 cultivars (including 41 Polish ones), the nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.58 to 1.78 pg indicating their diploid chromosome number. Five cultivars were identified as triploids (‘Bursztówka Polska’, ‘Pagacz’, ‘Rapa Zielona’, ‘Rarytas Śląski’ and ‘Witos’) owing to their nuclear DNA amount ranging between 2.42 and 2.58 pg. Leaf, flower, fruit, stomata and pollen grain sizes were on average significantly larger in triploids. Thus, in 3x plants the mean leaf surface was 49.1 cm2, flower diameter – 52.4 mm, fruit weight – 204.7 g, stomata length – 32.1 μm and pollen grain diameter – 33.7 μm, whereas in diploids – 36.0 cm2, 46.1 mm, 162.7 g, 28.4 μm and 30.7 μm, respectively. Pollen grain viability was on average significantly higher in diploids (75.6%), compared to triploids (22%). These results confirm that in apple, as in many other plant species, the higher ploidy level of triploids is generally associated with increased sizes of pollen grains, stomata, flowers, fruits and leaves but decreased pollen viability. No clear correlation between ploidy level and flowering time was found. In the case of mixoploid apple genotypes possessing diploid and tetraploid genomes, some phenotype observation is helpful in describing the ploidy level of the histogenic layers, L1 and L2. Small stomata sizes (similar to diploid) indicate diploid L1 and larger leaf sizes, compared to diploid counterparts, show tetraploid L2. The results will be used for breeding, in which it is important to determine maternal and paternal genotypes as well as the direction of the crossing that is of great importance in obtaining seeds and materials for further selection.

scholarly journals Determination of Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in the Droseraceae by Flow Cytometry

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Hoshi ◽  
Masako Azumatani ◽  
Chika Suyama ◽  
Lubomίr Adamec
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content

scholarly journals NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT AND PLOIDY LEVEL IN APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS GENOTYPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Edgardo J. Carloni-Jarrys ◽  
Ma. Cristina Acosta-Bragato ◽  
Karina Grunberg-Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Fodder Grass ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes

Buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn. Cenchrus ciliaris L.] is a polyploid fodder grass that reproduces mostly via apomixis. The wide genomic and cytological diversity present in the species indicates that the active field collection at Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) might contain individuals with different ploidy levels. This researche aimed to determine nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of introduced apomictic germplasm of buffelgrass. Cytological studies showed different ploidy levels in the germplasm. Genetic resources include tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) and aneuploid (2n = 43 and 44) individuals. The 10 materials that exhibited 2C values ranging between 3.04 and 3.17 pg were tetraploid cytotypes. The values of the four aneuploid individuals with 43 chromosomes ranged between 3.83 and 3.86 pg, whereas aneuploid individual with 44 chromosomes had a 2C value of 3.94 pg. Number of chromosomes and nuclear DNA content were correlated. In addition, a model equation was obtained to estimate DNA ploidy value in buffelgrass genotypes.

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