scholarly journals The shell morphology of the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) trionychid turtle Helopanoplia distincta

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Joyce ◽  
Tyler R. Lyson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Surface Sculpture ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Hell Creek Formation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metaplastic Bone

Background Helopanoplia distincta is an extinct soft-shelled turtle (Pan-Trionychidae) for which the type specimen is a fragmentary costal and the inguinal notch portion of the left hypoplastron from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lance Formation of Wyoming, USA that bear a distinct surface sculpture pattern consisting of raised tubercles. Over the course of the past few decades, a number of additional, fragmentary specimens from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of Montana and North Dakota have been referred to this taxon based on the presence of these tubercles, but a more complete understanding of the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of this distinctive soft-shelled turtle is still outstanding. Methods We here figure and describe shell remains of eight fossils referable to Helopanoplia distincta from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana and North Dakota that, in combination, document nearly all aspects of the shell morphology of this taxon. We furthermore explore the relationships of this fossil turtle by inserting it into a modified phylogenetic analysis of pan-trionychid relationships. Results The new fossil material thoroughly supports the validity of Helopanoplia distincta. In addition to its unique surface sculpture pattern, this turtle can be diagnosed relative to all other named pan-trionychids by the presence of a distinct corner along the margin of costals II, the complete covering of costal ribs I–VI by metaplastic bone, midline contact of the main plastral elements, hyoplastral shoulder, presence of a lateral, upturned margin on the hyo/hypoplastron that is covered dorsally and laterally by sculptured metaplastic bone, a single, lateral hyoplastral process, and the apomorphic presence of fine scallops along the margin of costals VIII, formation of a laterally embraced, rounded nuchal, anteriorly rounded costals I, distally expanded costals II, and narrow costals VII. A phylogenetic analysis places Helopanoplia distincta as sister to the clade formed by Plastomenus thomasii and Hutchemys spp., thereby confirming its identity as a plastomenid. The vast majority of Helopanoplia distincta material has been recovered from fine-grained overbank deposits, thereby supporting the hypothesis that this turtle favored ponded waters.

New material of Gilmoremys lancensis nov. comb. (Testudines: Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation and the diagnosis of plastomenid turtles

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Joyce ◽  
Tyler R. Lyson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Hell Creek Formation ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
New Material

Plastomenidae is a poorly diagnosed clade of extinct soft-shelled turtles (Trionychidae) known from the Campanian to Eocene of North America. Five skulls, a mandible, two carapaces, and numerous plastral remains from the Hell Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of North Dakota and Montana are referable to Gilmoremys lancensis nov. comb., a taxon previously known from a carapace and xiphiplastron only. Gilmoremys lancensis is diagnosed by a carapace that is covered by elongate sinusoidal grooves, distally expanded second costals, hyoplastral shoulders, an extensive secondary palate with accessory ridges, an extremely elongate mandible, a contribution of the parietal to the wall of the orbit, and a posterior ossified narial canal. A phylogenetic analysis of all well-known plastomenid turtles establishes Gilmoremys lancensis as the most basal known plastomenid and reveals that cranial characters are more reliable in diagnosing plastomenid turtles, in particular the contribution of the parietal to the orbit wall and the extensive secondary palate. All plastomenid turtles with a locked entoplastron are placed in Hutchemys. Assuming that all taxa are monophyletic, the phylogenetic analysis implies that the G. lancensis lineage is the only one to go extinct at the K/T boundary, whereas the four remaining plastomenid lineages survive. Extensive ghost ranges are nevertheless apparent. Taphonomic considerations indicate that G. lancensis was a riverine turtle, whereas more derived plastomenids preferred swampy habitats.

First record of Lancian (Late Cretaceous) mammals from the Hell Creek Formation of southwestern North Dakota, USA

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Hunter ◽  
Dean A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
First Record ◽  
Hell Creek Formation

FAUNAL ANALYSIS OF A FOSSIL MICROSITE FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS HELL CREEK FORMATION, NORTH DAKOTA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha I. Khatri ◽  
◽  
William Lee Beatty ◽  
Adam Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Faunal Analysis ◽  
Hell Creek Formation

E.D. Cope's 1893 Expedition to the Dakotas Revisited

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Anthony Fiorillo ◽  
Edward Daeschler
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Vertebrate Paleontology ◽  
Hell Creek Formation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Academy Of Natural Sciences

Recently an uncatalogued cache of fossil reptile material was discovered in the vertebrate paleontology collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Evidence obtained from handwritten notes on the newspaper in which the specimens were wrapped indicates that the specimens are part of the collection made by Edward Drinker Cope on his expedition to the Dakotas and Oklahoma in 1893. These fossils were collected in the vicinity of Fort Yates, North Dakota, and Hump Creek, South Dakota, and are predominantly from the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian: Late Cretaceous). No fossils from the Oklahoma segment of Cope's journey were found in the collection. Details of the Dakota segment of the expedition are reconstructed from correspondence written by Cope while he was in the field and from notes on some of the field wrappings of these newly discovered specimens. These materials are significant to the Academy of Natural Sciences since they provide insight into an aspect of Academy history which had been previously lost.

A new kinosternoid from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota and Montana and the origin of the Dermatemys mawii lineage

PalZ ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia E. Knauss ◽  
Walter G. Joyce ◽  
Tyler R. Lyson ◽  
Dean Pearson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Hell Creek Formation

Mental time travel? A neurocognitive model of event simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Rose Addis
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Mental Time Travel ◽  
Event Representation ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
General Capacity

Mental time travel (MTT) is defined as projecting the self into the past and the future. Despite growing evidence of the similarities of remembering past and imagining future events, dominant theories conceive of these as distinct capacities. I propose that memory and imagination are fundamentally the same process – constructive episodic simulation – and demonstrate that the ‘simulation system’ meets the three criteria of a neurocognitive system. Irrespective of whether one is remembering or imagining, the simulation system: (1) acts on the same information, drawing on elements of experience ranging from fine-grained perceptual details to coarser-grained conceptual information and schemas about the world; (2) is governed by the same rules of operation, including associative processes that facilitate construction of a schematic scaffold, the event representation itself, and the dynamic interplay between the two (cf. predictive coding); and (3) is subserved by the same brain system. I also propose that by forming associations between schemas, the simulation system constructs multi-dimensional cognitive spaces, within which any given simulation is mapped by the hippocampus. Finally, I suggest that simulation is a general capacity that underpins other domains of cognition, such as the perception of ongoing experience. This proposal has some important implications for the construct of ‘MTT’, suggesting that ‘time’ and ‘travel’ may not be defining, or even essential, features. Rather, it is the ‘mental’ rendering of experience that is the most fundamental function of this simulation system, enabling humans to re-experience the past, pre-experience the future, and also comprehend the complexities of the present.

LIFE AFTER IMPACT: A REMARKABLE MAMMAL BURROW FROM THE CHICXULUB AFTERMATH IN THE HELL CREEK FORMATION, NORTH DAKOTA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. DePalma ◽  
◽  
David A. Burnham ◽  
David A. Burnham ◽  
David A. Burnham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Hell Creek Formation

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Recently Isolated in South Korea Reveals Multiple Introductions of GI-19 Lineage (QX Genotype)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Hyuk-Chae Lee ◽  
Sol Jeong ◽  
Andrew Y. Cho ◽  
Kyu-Jik Kim ◽  
Jun-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
The Past

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was first identified in the 1930s and it imposes a major economic burden on the poultry industry. In particular, GI-19 lineage has spread globally and has evolved constantly since it was first detected in China. In this study, we analyzed S1 gene sequences from 60 IBVs isolated in South Korea. Two IBV lineages, GI-15 and GI-19, were identified in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that there were six distinct subgroups (KM91-like, K40/09-like, and QX-like I to IV) of the South Korean GI-19 IBVs. Among them, QX-type III and IV subgroups, which are phylogenetically different from those reported in South Korea in the past, accounted for more than half of the total. Moreover, the phylogeographic analysis of the QX-like subgroups indicated at least four distinct introductions of GI-19 IBVs into South Korea during 2001–2020. The efficacy of commercialized vaccines against the recently introduced QX-like subgroups should be verified, and continuous international surveillance efforts and quarantine procedures should be enhanced to prevent the incursion of viruses.

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