scholarly journals Morphometric traits in the fine-leaved fescues depend on ploidy level: the case of Festuca amethystina L.

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rewicz ◽  
Przemysław Piotr Tomczyk ◽  
Marcin Kiedrzyński ◽  
Katarzyna Maria Zielińska ◽  
Iwona Jędrzejczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
First Time

Background Polyploid specimens are usually characterized by greater exuberance: they reach larger sizes and/or have a larger number of some organs. Festuca amethystina L. belongs to the section Aulaxyper. Based on morphological features, four subspecies of F. amethystina have been already identified. On the other hand, it has two cytotypes: diploid and tetraploid. The main aim of our study was to distinguish morphological differences between the cytotypes of F. amethystina, assuming that its phenotype differs significantly. Methods The nuclear DNA content was measured by flow cytometry in dry leaves from specimens originating from 13 populations of F. amethystina. Several macrometric and micrometric traits of stems, spikelets and leaf blades were taken into account in the comparative analysis of two cytotypes. Results In the case of cytotypes, specimens of tetraploids were larger than diploids. The conducted morphometric analysis of leaf cross-sections showed significant differences between the cytotypes. Discussion The research has confirmed for the first time that in the case of F. amethystina the principle of greater exuberance of polyploids is true. Differences between the cytotypes are statistically significant, however, they are not enough to make easy the distinction of cytotypes on the basis of the measurements themselves. Our findings favor the rule known in Festuca taxonomy as a whole, i.e. that the ploidy level can be one of the main classification criteria.

Nuclear DNA amount in pure species and hybrid willows (Salix): a flow cytometric investigation

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Key Words Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Dna Amounts

Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to estimate the nuclear DNA content of 11 Salix species and 5 hybrids. One hundred and sixty nine individuals were studied including 159 individuals from a sequence of 32 communities along a stretch of river in France and 10 individuals from French and English collections for comparison. Isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. FCM was a significantly more practical and rapid technique than that of establishing the karyotype to survey many samples of Salix for variation in ploidy. The 2C DNA amounts for diploid species ranged from 0.76 to 0.98 pg, and tetraploid values ranged from 1.62 to 1.80 pg. The DNA values were consistent with the known ploidy levels. With the exception of a doubtful Salix xquercifolia, ploidy levels and DNA amounts of hybrids were intermediate compared with those of their parents. Intraspecific variation of nuclear DNA values including instrumental variation was low (i.e., 6-11% at the same ploidy level). FCM appeared to be an accurate tool for determination of Salix triploid hybrids. However, it remains limited concerning hybrids from crosses between species of the same ploidy level. Results suggest that natural hybridization might not be frequent in the communities studied, although they have been subject to disturbance. Previous overestimates of hybridization frequency in willows were probably due to misinterpretation of the effects of the environment on Salix spp. morphology; however, the extent and mechanisms of introgression in the genus remain to be further investigated. Key words: flow cytometry, Salix, hybridization, nuclear DNA content, riparian vegetation, disturbance.

scholarly journals Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of Echeveria (Crassulaceae)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Palomino ◽  
Javier Martínez-Ramón ◽  
Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo ◽  
Miriam Ladd-Otero ◽  
Patricia Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Dna Amounts

Echeveria is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for Echeveria is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a variety of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Additionally, there are no studies concerning nuclear DNA content and the extent of endopolyploidy. This work aims to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of 23 species of Echeveria collected in 9 states of Mexico, analyzing 2n chromosome numbers, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and endopolyploidy levels. Chromosome numbers were obtained from root tips. DNA content was obtained from the leaf parenchyma, which was processed according to the two-step protocol with Otto solutions and propidium iodide as fluorochrome, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. From the 23 species of Echeveria analyzed, 16 species lacked previous reports of 2n chromosome numbers. The 2n chromosome numbers found and analyzed in this research for Echeveria species ranged from 24 to 270. The range of 2C nuclear DNA amounts ranged from 1.26 pg in E. catorce to 7.70 pg in E. roseiflora, while the 1C values were 616 Mbp and 753 Mbp, respectively, for the same species. However, differences in the level of endopolyploidy nuclei were found, corresponding to 4 endocycles (8C, 16C, 32C and 64C) in E. olivacea, E. catorce, E. juarezensis and E. perezcalixii. In contrast, E. longiflora presented 3 endocycles (8C, 16C and 32C) and E. roseiflora presented 2 endocycles (8C and 16C). It has been suggested that polyploidization and diploidization processes, together with the presence of endopolyploidy, allowed Echeveria species to adapt and colonize new adverse environments.

scholarly journals Variation of nuclear DNA content in seeds of Nitraria schoberi L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00046
Author(s):  
Maria Voronkova ◽  
Evgeniy Banaev ◽  
Maria Tomoshevich ◽  
Taigana Ak-Lama
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
First Time

For the first time are search of nuclear DNA relative content in Nitraria schoberi L. seeds from 15 natural populations of Siberia, the Crimea, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan has been conducted by the method of flow cytometry. High intra-and interpopulational variations of nuclear DNA content - 2,93-3,39 pg, at average value - 3,22±0,108 pg is revealed.

scholarly journals Determining Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in Rubus by Flow Cytometry

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengong Meng ◽  
Chad Finn
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Levels

Nuclear DNA flow cytometry was used to differentiate ploidy level and determine nuclear DNA content in Rubus. Nuclei suspensions were prepared from leaf discs of young leaves following published protocols with modifications. DNA was stained with propidium iodide. Measurement of fluorescence of 40 genotypes, whose published ploidy ranged from diploid to dodecaploid, indicated that fluorescence increased with an increase in chromosome number. Ploidy level accounted for 99% of the variation in fluorescence intensity (r2 = 0.99) and variation among ploidy levels was much higher than within ploidy levels. This protocol was used successfully for genotypes representing eight different Rubus subgenera. Rubus ursinus Cham. and Schldl., a native blackberry species in the Pacific Northwest, which has been reported to have 6x, 8x, 9x, 10x, 11x, and 12x forms, was extensively tested. Genotypes of R. ursinus were predominantly 12x, but 6x, 7x, 8x, 9x, 11x, and 13x forms were found as well. Attempts to confirm the 13x estimates with manual counts were unsuccessful. Ploidy level of 103 genotypes in the USDA-ARS breeding program was determined by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry confirmed that genotypes from crosses among 7x and 4x parents had chromosome numbers that must be the result of nonreduced gametes. This technique was effective in differentiating chromosome numbers differing by 1x, but was not able to differentiate aneuploids. Nuclear DNA contents of 21 diploid Rubus species from five subgenera were determined by flow cytometry. Idaeobatus, Chamaebatus, and Anaplobatus were significantly lower in DNA content than those of Rubus and Cylactis. In the Rubus subgenus, R. hispidus and R. canadensis had the lowest DNA content and R. sanctus had the highest DNA content, 0.59 and 0.75 pg, respectively. Idaeobatus had greater variation in DNA content among diploid species than the Rubus subgenus, with the highest being from R. ellipticus (0.69 pg) and lowest from R. illecebrosus (0.47 pg).

scholarly journals Determination of Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in the Droseraceae by Flow Cytometry

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Hoshi ◽  
Masako Azumatani ◽  
Chika Suyama ◽  
Lubomίr Adamec
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content

scholarly journals (379) Ploidy Determinationin Vitis rotundifolia using Flow Cytometry

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068C-1068
Author(s):  
Xia Xu ◽  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Zhongbo Ren
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia

Ploidy level in grapevines varies, especially since in vitro techniques are employed in the breeding process and after plants are treated with either chemicals or radiation. Detection of ploidy level in grapevines by microscopic chromosome counting is complicated by their high number and the small size of chromosomes. Flow cytometry provides an accurate and rapid method in determining the ploidy level in plant tissue by measuring the nuclear DNA content in living cells and thus is a very useful tool in plant breeding or genetic studies. The objective of this research was to analyze the ploidy level of a selected group of muscadine vines that were different from normal diploid vines in morphology. These grapes were derived from either chemical treatment of known varieties or from controlled/open pollinations. Among the 26 grapevines investigated, 8 were found to be diploids, 11 were tetraploids, and 7 were chimeric aneuploids. Results of this study indicate that flow cytometry is a quick, reliable tool for determining ploidy levels of grapevines.

scholarly journals Determination of ploidy level and nuclear DNA content in blueberry by flow cytometry

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Costich ◽  
R. Ortiz ◽  
T. R. Meagher ◽  
L. P. Bruederle ◽  
N. Vorsa
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content

scholarly journals Identification of haploid maize by flow cytometry, morphological and molecular markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evellyn Giselly de Oliveira Couto ◽  
Livia Maria Chamma Davide ◽  
Fernanda de Oliveira Bustamante ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽  
Tallyta Nayara Silva
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tropical Conditions

The development of homozygous breeding lines in maize may be accelerated through the use of haploids. Thus, the obtaining and prior identification of haploids generated by the haploid inducer lines is an important factor. The purpose of this study was to identify haploids by flow cytometry and to correlate the nuclear DNA content to the morphological and morphometric traits of the seeds that gave rise to them. In addition, molecular markers were used to confirm the androgenetic nature of the haploid. The seeds obtained were derived from the cross between the inbred line W23 and the commercial hybrid P30F90. Among these seeds, a group was selected, putative haploids, whose embryo was white and the pericarp purplish. This group, consisting of 330 seeds, was characterized based on seed morphology, seed morphometry and nuclear DNA content. Flow cytometry analyses identified four haploids, and all of them were small size plants and had brittle leaves. The weight, length, thickness and width of the haploid seeds were very variable indicating that morphometric traits do not constitute reliable data for visual selection of haploid seeds. Based on results, the inbred line W23 induced haploid maize even under tropical conditions. Microsatellite molecular markers (SSR) proved to be efficient, confirming the androgenetic trait of the haploids.

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